The Epistle of Second Corinthians
Lesson Number 11
TRANSLATION LEGEND: AMPLIFIED = Amplified Bible, ASV=American Standard Version (1901), BBE=Bible in Basic English (1949), DRA=Douay-Rheims (1899), ESV=English Stand Version (2001), KJV=King James Version (1611), MONTGOMERY =Montgomery’s New Testament, NKJV=New King James Version (1982), NAB=New American Bible, NASB=New American Standard Bible (1977), NAU=New American Standard Bible (1995), NIB=New International Bible, NIV=New International Version (1984), NJB=New Jerusalem Bible, NLT=New Living Translation, NRSV=New Revised Standard Version (1989), RSV=Revised Standard Version (1952), TNK=JPS Tanakj (1985), Webster=The Webster Bible 1833, YLT=Young’s Literal Translation (1862). WEYMOUTH=Weymouth’s New Testament, WILLIAMS = William’s New Testament.LEXICON LEGEND: FRIEBERG=Friberg Lexicon, UBS=UBS Lexicon, LOUW-NIDA=Louw-Nida Lexicon, LIDDELL SCOTT=Liddell Scott Lexicon, THAYER=Thayer’s Greek Lexicon
EPISTLES OF CHRIST
“ 3:1 Do we begin again to commend ourselves? or need we, as some others, epistles of commendation to you, or letters of commendation from you? 2 Ye are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read of all men: 3 Forasmuch as ye are manifestly declared to be the epistle of Christ ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not in tables of stone, but in fleshly tables of the heart.” KJV (2 Corinthians 3:1-3)
INTRODUCTION
Throughout history, those who have proved to be messengers of God were misunderstood by many. Viewed from another perspective, whenever a word has been spoken in the name of the Lord, there have been those who misinterpreted that word, ascribing ignoble motives to the messenger, and wresting his words to mean something that was not intended. Consistently, this was not owing to any ambiguity in either the messenger or the message borne by him. Rather, it was evidence of the mind-set of “the natural man,” to whom “the things of the Spirit of God” are “foolishness.” God has revealed that the “natural man,” or “the man without the Spirit,” NIV “cannot understand” NASB the “things of the Spirit of God.” They can only be “spiritually discerned,” or “appraised.” NASB For this reason, the things of God are communicated in words “which the Holy Spirit teaches,” “combining spiritual thoughts with spiritual words.” NASB Thus it is written, “These things we also speak, not in words which man's wisdom teaches but which the Holy Spirit teaches, comparing spiritual things with spiritual. But the natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; nor can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned” NKJV (1 Cor 2:14). No attempt was made to tailor them, so to speak, for those with no understanding – a practice that is quite common in our time.
“The natural man” is dominated by “the carnal mind,” which is the mind-set of those who are not regenerated, or are “without the Spirit.” The “carnal” mind is also characterized by certain unchangeable traits. It is written, “Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be” (Rom 8:7). Another version reads, “because the mind set on the flesh is hostile toward God; for it does not subject itself to the law of God, for it is not even able to do so” NASB (Rom 8:7).
This is a very real situation that cannot be addressed by the wisdom of this world. No “natural man” can be trained to be spiritual. The “carnal mind” cannot be successfully tutored in the things of God. To put it another way, the natural man is not capable of making sense out of the Scriptures, which were given by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. They are, in fact, His words (2 Pet 1:21). The “carnal mind” cannot enjoy the Scriptures, seeing good and profitable things in them. To the “carnal mind,” the Scriptures are “as a fire,” and “like a hammer that breaketh in pieces” (Jer 23:29). Thus that mind is hostile, lashing out against the words spoken by the Spirit, finding fault with them, and attempting to show why they have no application to, or benefit for, him.
It may be countered that unregenerate men can gather much from books like the Proverbs, seeing the good reasoning of living profitable and practical lives. While there is a sense in which this is so, it must be remembered that “the mind of the Spirit” is not set upon delineating life as defined by mere men. The Spirit “searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God” (1 Cor 2:10). These are things that can be known by “no man,” and are therefore made known by the Spirit of God (1 Cor 2:11). These represent the thrust of Scripture.
For this reason, the closer a person is to nature, the more foolish the things of God sound, and the more irrelevant the proclaimer of those things appears. The more “carnal,” or “fleshly,” the mind is, the more it objects to what the Lord says, and the more it disdains the messengers who declare it.
WHEN GODLY MESSENGERS ARE POLITELY TOLERATED
In certain societies, a cultural veneer is thrown over “the natural man” and “the carnal mind.” In such a society men are prone to say such things as, “That is just your opinion,” or “that is not how I see it,” or “our church does not believe that.” Men and women of God are, in such a case, tolerated as mere misfits – strange people who are radical and out of touch with the times.
Some people received Jesus in this way. “Whence hath this man this wisdom, and these mighty works? Is not this the carpenter's son? is not his mother called Mary? and his brethren, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas? And his sisters, are they not all with us? Whence then hath this man all these things?” (Mat 13:54-56). In Athens Paul encountered this kind of reception in some who said, “We will hear thee again on this matter” (Acts 17:32). He encountered this mind-set in Felix, who trembled when Paul reasoned with him: “Go thy way for this time; when I have a convenient season, I will call for thee” (Acts 24:25).
WHEN GODLY MESSENGERS ARE NOT TOLERATED
Where a cultural veneer is not found, the message is violently opposed, and the messengers may be imprisoned like Paul and Silas, stoned like Stephen, or even beheaded like John the Baptist.
It is not unusual to expect these kinds of things from the world – people like the silversmiths of Ephesus (Acts 19:24-29), and the philosophers of Athens (Acts 17:32). But what about such responses from “the church?” – from among those who have been publically identified with Christ Jesus? How is it to be viewed when an apostle’s calling and message are questioned by these people?
That is the kind of scenario that is before us. There were those in Corinth who had questioned both Paul’s apostleship and doctrine, and spoken derisively of him. Remember, this church was birthed by Paul himself, and he had spent “a year and six months teaching the Word of God amongst them” (Acts 18:11).
☛ “If I be not an apostle unto others, yet doubtless I am to you: for the seal of mine apostleship are ye in the Lord. Mine answer to them that do examine me is this, Have we not power to eat and to drink? Have we not power to lead about a sister, a wife, as well as other apostles, and as the brethren of the Lord, and Cephas?” (1 Cor 9:2-5).
☛ “If any man think himself to be a prophet, or spiritual, let him acknowledge that the things that I write unto you are the commandments of the Lord” (1 Cor 14:37)
☛ “Now if Christ be preached that he rose from the dead, how say some among you that there is no resurrection of the dead? But if there be no resurrection of the dead, then is Christ not risen” (1 Cor 15:12-13).
☛ “Since ye seek a proof of Christ speaking in me, which to you-ward is not weak, but is mighty in you” (2 Cor 13:3).
THE JEOPARDY OF OUR TIME AND PLACE
The jeopardy of our time and place is that of general disinterest within the church itself. Solid preaching is not aggressively opposed, it is just not embraced. Those who proclaim the message through which God makes manifest “the savor of His knowledge” are not in demand, and their message is generally ignored. Occasionally there may be some general opposition, like questioning the right to be so straightforward. The people may even respond like those who heard Jeremiah: “Come, and let us smite him with the tongue, and let us not give heed to any of his words” (Jer 18:18).
The preference for, what is purported to be, “praise and worship” instead of the preaching of the Word is evidence of a disdain for the preachers of the Word. Where a faithful messenger is found, the failure of members to support more than one gathering a Lord’s day is confirmation of the dominancy of a carnal mind. The demand for traditional and lifeless church programs, and official but powerless church literature also evidences this spirit of toleration. However, that attitude is also attended by an obstinate spirit that will not aggressively seek the things that are above (Col 3:1). It will not permit the people to place their affection on things above, and not on things on the earth (Col 3:2).
Environmental Effects
The effects of this kind of environment are significant. Those who are caught in this maelstrom wrestle with whether or not the people are sincere. Often they avoid being strong and straightforward in fear they might offend some well-meaning soul. Extensive effort is expended to find some tiny morsel of hope in the people – the very people who have no apparent appetite for the Word of God, by which life is sustained (Lk 4:4).
All the while, a weight of care comes upon the faithful messenger, for he knows this is not the kind of response the Gospel elicits. Spiritual life does not respond in a indifferent manner. The new creation has a hunger and thirst for righteousness, and lives “by every word of God” (Luke 4:4). It has been “renewed in knowledge after the image of Him that created him” (Col 3:10). In the new birth, when God puts a “heart of flesh” in a person, He also removes the “stony heart” (Ezek 11:19; 36:26). The fruit of the Spirit will be seen (Gal 5:22-23), together with a progressive change “from glory unto glory” (2 Cor 3:18). There is no justification for the absence of these evidences. Wherever they are found, a profound sense of concern grips the heart of the faithful messenger.
THE CHURCH AT CORINTH
The church at Corinth had access to the premier apostle, who had “labored more abundantly than they all” (1 Cor 15:10). Instead of welcoming him with open arms, and giving thanks to God for such a singular mercy, some of them questioned his authority and refused to believe his message. Paul does not ignore their attitude, but firmly comes to grips with it in this passage. He will reason with the people after a godly manner, and will not stoop to carnal disputation. There is godly wisdom in his approach – the kind of wisdom that, if recieved and heeded, will lead the Corinthians into a more godly frame of mind. This is a passage that brings us great benefit.
COMMEND OURSELVES?
“ 3:1a Do we begin again to commend ourselves?” Other versions read, “Are we beginning to commend ourselves again?” NASB “Do we seem to be again attempting to put ourselves in the right?” BBE “Are we beginning again to tell you how good we are?” NLT and “Do we begin again to recommend ourselves.” YLT
The word “commend” means to make known one’s own approval, to show or bring out that one is recommended. FRIBERG Other lexical definitions are, “to prove, demonstrate,” or show “one’s proper place,” UBS and “to recommend one’s self to another.” LIDDELL-SCOTT Robertson says this word means to praise oneself. WORD PICTURES
It is apparent from this text that some in Corinth had considered Paul to have spoken too much about himself. To some of them he appeared as a braggart, vainly boasting of his achievements and experiences. Here are some examples of his claims, demands, and manner of speaking. When read, it will be apparent to the tender of heart that Paul was not bragging or speaking unreasonably of himself.
☛ “And I, brethren, when I came to you, came not with excellency of speech or of wisdom, declaring unto you the testimony of God” (1 Cor 2:1)
☛ “And my speech and my preaching was not with enticing words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power” (1 Cor 2:4).
☛ “According to the grace of God which is given unto me, as a wise masterbuilder, I have laid the foundation, and another buildeth thereon. But let every man take heed how he buildeth thereupon” (1 Cor 3:10).
☛ “But with me it is a very small thing that I should be judged of you, or of man's judgment: yea, I judge not mine own self” (1 Cor 4:3).
☛ “For I think that God hath set forth us the apostles last, as it were appointed to death: for we are made a spectacle unto the world, and to angels, and to men. We are fools for Christ's sake, but ye are wise in Christ; we are weak, but ye are strong; ye are honourable, but we are despised” (1 Cor 4:9-10).
☛ “For though ye have ten thousand instructors in Christ, yet have ye not many fathers: for in Christ Jesus I have begotten you through the gospel” (1 Cor 4:15).
☛ “Wherefore I beseech you, be ye followers of me” (1 Cor 4:16).
☛ “But I will come to you shortly, if the Lord will, and will know, not the speech of them which are puffed up, but the power. For the kingdom of God is not in word, but in power” (1 Cor 4:19-20).
☛ “What will ye? shall I come unto you with a rod, or in love, and in the spirit of meekness?” (1 Cor 4:21).
☛ “For I verily, as absent in body, but present in spirit, have judged already, as though I were present, concerning him that hath so done this deed” (1 Cor 5:3).
☛ “I wrote unto you in an epistle not to company with fornicators” (1 Cor 5:9).
☛ “But now I have written unto you not to keep company, if any man that is called a brother be a fornicator, or covetous, or an idolater, or a railer, or a drunkard, or an extortioner; with such an one no not to eat. For what have I to do to judge them also that are without? do not ye judge them that are within?” (1 Cor 5:11-12).
☛ “For I would that all men were even as I myself. But every man hath his proper gift of God, one after this manner, and another after that” (1 Cor 7:7).
☛ “But as God hath distributed to every man, as the Lord hath called every one, so let him walk. And so ordain I in all churches” (1 Cor 7:17).
☛ “Now concerning virgins I have no commandment of the Lord: yet I give my judgment, as one that hath obtained mercy of the Lord to be faithful” (1 Cor 7:25).
☛ “Am I not an apostle? am I not free? have I not seen Jesus Christ our Lord? are not ye my work in the Lord?” (1 Cor 9:1).
☛ “But by the grace of God I am what I am: and his grace which was bestowed upon me was not in vain; but I labored more abundantly than they all: yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me” (1 Cor 15:10).
☛ “I am become a fool in glorying; ye have compelled me: for I ought to have been commended of you: for in nothing am I behind the very chiefest apostles, though I be nothing. Truly the signs of an apostle were wrought among you in all patience, in signs, and wonders, and mighty deeds” (2 Cor 12:11-12).
WAS PAUL REALLY COMMENDING HIMSELF?
On the surface, it may, indeed, appear as though Paul was, so to speak, promoting himself – at least to the carnal mind. However, Paul’s motive was not to exalt himself. His Apostleship had been held in question, and therefore the words that he declared were not being received as from the Lord. Additionally, to question his Apostleship was a reproach to the Lord Jesus, who had made him an apostle, putting him into that ministry (1 Tim 1:12). It was also tantamount to speaking against God the Father who had “separated” Paul from his “mother’s womb, and called” him “by His grace” (Gal 1:15).
Therefore, Paul will show by spiritual reasoning how wrong it was to question the authenticity of his person, message, and ministry. Armed with spiritual weaponry, he will do battle.
It must be remembered that error cannot stand up to solid spiritual reasoning. Error is an intellectual and spiritual fabric that is woven together with rotten threads. It cannot stand a test of its strength, but tears apart when tested by “every word of God.” When truth comes against error, it finds the fatal flaws that are resident in it, and throws it down to the ground. At some specific point, error is always at variance with the truth of God. It cannot blend with truth, or occupy the place reserved for the truth. By nature error competes with God’s truth.
DO WE NEED EPISTLES OF COMMENDATION?
“ 1b . . . or need we, as some others, epistles of commendation to you, or letters of commendation from you?”
Paul now deals with what commends and validates his ministry. He does not speak of credentials, as some are prone to do. Once he referred to his earthly credentials, affirming he had abandoned them all. “Though I might also have confidence in the flesh. If any other man thinketh that he hath whereof he might trust in the flesh, I more: circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, an Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee; concerning zeal, persecuting the church; touching the righteousness which is in the law, blameless” (Phil 3:5-6). In the ordinary religious arena, these were everything. He came from the only nation in the world that was particularly cultured in the Person and ways of the Lord. He was not a convert to Judaism, but was born into it. He was strictly raised in “the Jews religion,” and was “above many of” his “equals,” being “exceedingly zealous of the traditions of” his Jewish “fathers” (Gal 1:13-14). He was no ordinary Jew – and “salvation is of the Jews” – but was a “Hebrew of the Hebrews.” He was a Pharisee, according to the “strictest sect” of the Hebrews (Acts 26:5).
Having all of that expert Jewish background, would probably have qualified him to be a key leader in the Christian community – particularly the academic society. But that is not how Paul viewed the matter, and neither should we.
Paul now begins a thread of reasoning that deals more specifically with those who doubted his Apostleship.
DO WE NEED AS SOME OTHERS
“ . . . or need we, as some others . . . ” Other versions read, “Or do we need, like some people,” NIV “Surely we do not need, as some do,” NRSV “or have we need, as some have,” BBE “as though we need, like some others,” NJB and “Some people need to bring.” NLT
All Kingdom laborers are not the same, nor do they all stand on equal footing. Some have been given more to see. Some have labored more extensively.
Some at Corinth had treated Paul as though he was, for lack of a better term, a common minister of the truth. They considered that he needed to subscribe to the requirements of those with lesser kingdom tenure, who were relatively unknown. It all may appear quite innocent, but it was not.
Consider the statements made concerning Paul – statements of truth.
☛ He did not come “one whit” behind the “chiefest apostles” (2 Cor 11:5; 12:11).
☛ He had wrought “the signs of an apostle” among the Corinthians “in all patience, signs, and wonders, and mighty deeds” (2 Cor 12:12).
☛ He “labored more abundantly” than the other apostles (1 Cor 15:9-10).
☛ Those who were “pillars” in the church at Jerusalem” – including Peter, John, and James the Lord’s brother – added nothing to Paul’s message (Gal 2:6).
☛ The “dispensation of the grace of God” that was given to him was extraordinary, and was generally known among the brethren (Eph 3:2-6).
☛ He had been distinguished from others in the extraordinary number of visions and revelations given to him from above (2 Cor 12:1,7).
☛ He had labored publically among the Corinthians for over a year and six months (Acts 18:8-11).
Yet, in spite of the overwhelming evidence of the validity of both his person and message, some doubted who he was and what he said. Because this neutralized the effects of his preaching among the Corinthians, he now deals with the absurdity of their objections.
EPISTLES OF COMMENTATION
OR LETTERS FROM YOU?
“ . . . epistles of commendation to you . . . ” Other versions read, “letters of commendation,” or letters of commendation from you? NASB “letters of recommendation,” NRSV “letters of approval . . . from you.” BBE and “commendatory letters from you,” DARBY and “letters of recommendation from you.” NAB
This is a rhetorical question. The idea is, “Do you brethren really believe I need someone to recommend me before I preach in, or write to, Corinth? Is it possible that some even think they should give me letters of recommendation before I can preach to others?”
In early times, those whose integrity and faithfulness had not yet been publically established, were given letters of commendation. These came from brethren who knew the persons well, and could vouch for their profitability in Christ Jesus. Some examples are provided below.
☛ “But Barnabas took him, and brought him [Saul of Tarsus] to the apostles, and declared unto them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he had spoken to him, and how he had preached boldly at Damascus in the name of Jesus” (Acts 9:27)
☛ “And when he was disposed to pass into Achaia, the brethren wrote, exhorting the disciples to receive him [Apollos]: who, when he was come, helped them much which had believed through grace” (Acts 18:27).
☛ “And when I come, whomsoever ye shall approve by your letters, them will I send to bring your liberality [offering they collected] unto Jerusalem” (1 Cor 16:3).
☛ “I commend unto you Phebe our sister, which is a servant of the church which is at Cenchrea: That ye receive her in the Lord, as becometh saints, and that ye assist her in whatsoever business she hath need of you: for she hath been a succourer of many, and of myself also” (Rom 16:1-2).
☛ “Whether any do inquire of Titus, he is my partner and fellowhelper concerning you: or our brethren be inquired of, they are the messengers of the churches, and the glory of Christ” (2 Cor 8:23).
☛ “Aristarchus my fellowprisoner saluteth you, and Marcus, sister's son to Barnabas, (touching whom ye received commandments: if he come unto you, receive him” (Col 4:10).
There were also warnings issued about key men who were unfaithful, opposed the truth, or taught false doctrine. These were spiritually dangerous men, yet they did not have that reputation among all. Thus the disciples were warned of them.
☛ “Alexander the coppersmith did me much evil: the Lord reward him according to his works: Of whom be thou ware also; for he hath greatly withstood our words” (2 Tim 4:15).
☛ “Holding faith, and a good conscience; which some having put away concerning faith have made shipwreck: of whom is Hymenaeus and Alexander; whom I have delivered unto Satan, that they may learn not to blaspheme” (1 Tim 1:20).
☛ “And their word will eat as doth a canker: of whom is Hymenaeus and Philetus; who concerning the truth have erred, saying that the resurrection is past already; and overthrow the faith of some” (2 Tim 2:18).
☛ “I wrote unto the church: but Diotrephes, who loveth to have the preeminence among them, receiveth us not. Wherefore, if I come, I will remember his deeds which he doeth, prating against us with malicious words: and not content therewith, neither doth he himself receive the brethren, and forbiddeth them that would, and casteth them out of the church” (3 John 1:9-10).
It should be obvious that Paul was not in the category of the unknown. His ministry was a public one. Early on, Barnabas took him to the Apostles themselves, confirming that Paul had seen the Lord (Acts 9:27). Some years later, his Apostleship was recognized by the other Apostles, and they sent him to the Gentiles with their blessing (Gal 2:9-10). He was well known for his letters, which even Peter acknowledged contained things “hard to be understood,” which tempted some to wrest them (2 Pet 3:16). He had traveled extensively, being known everywhere for what he taught. He faithfully proclaimed what was revealed to him, doing so with great power and effectiveness.
There are Kingdom laborers who are well known for “their work’s sake” (1 Thess 5:13). There are some of whom it is said, “the good works of some are manifest beforehand” (1 Tim 5:25). Such are “well known” among the faithful (2 Cor 6:9).
Throughout history, there have been preachers and teachers who have distinguished themselves by their preaching and writing. Everyone knew what they taught, because they consistently declared what they had seen both in words and by the “pen of a ready writer” (Psa 45:1). We know how David thought because he put his thoughts into writing. There is no question about the wisdom of Solomon: he wrote it down. Moses and the Prophets did the same. You can imagine the absurdity of asking Moses for a resume, or some references so you could check out if he was a good leader.
It was even more absurd for some in Corinth to question the truth and validity of Paul’s message. He had faithfully declared verbally and in writing the truth he was given to see. Add to that the fact that he taught among them for eighteen months (Acts 18:11).
For some, their only recommendation is institution building. They are not noted for what they say, but for their apparent administrative skills. It is not generally known what they teach, or whether or not they are faithful stewards. If that kind of person was being considered for the position of a teacher, the brethren ought to ask for letters of recommendation.
Faithful laborers must either be well known for their words and works, or have a good testimony from among those who know them best, like young Timothy, “who was well reported of by the brethren that were at Lystra and Iconium” (Acts 16:2). If, however, a preacher or teacher comes with only the credentials of an academic institution, that is not enough. Good classroom decorum and attentiveness are not enough to recommend a person for the role of a preacher or teacher of the truth of God!
Necessary Knowledge
There are at least two things that must be confirmed when evaluating a minister of the Word. These must be known by personal exposure to the person, or by the testimony of those who have personal knowledge of the man. The person must have a godly manner of life, and his doctrine must be sound. Paul stated it this way to Titus: “In all things showing thyself a pattern of good works: in doctrine showing uncorruptness, gravity, sincerity, sound speech, that cannot be condemned; that he that is of the contrary part may be ashamed, having no evil thing to say of you” (Titus 2:8).
Paul spoke of Timothy as being personally aware of Paul’s own life in this regard: “But thou hast fully known my doctrine, manner of life, purpose, faith, longsuffering, charity, patience, persecutions, afflictions, which came unto me at Antioch, at Iconium, at Lystra; what persecutions I endured: but out of them all the Lord delivered me. Yea, and all that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution” (2 Tim 3:12). These were matters that were generally known and reported concerning Paul.
Every person who speaks for God should make it his aim to be known for being acceptable before God in these areas.
☛ Doctrine. What does the person teach? What is his message? How does it correlate with the thrust of salvation and the emphasis of Scripture? Is it “the apostles’ doctrine” (Acts 2:42), or some sectarian emphasis?
☛ Manner of life. How does the person live? Are they godly, devoted to the Lord, and noted for pressing toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus (Phil 3:14).
☛ Purpose. What is the objective of their life, their ministry, and their teaching and preaching? What is it that they are attempting to do, and how does it compare with what Jesus came to do? How does it compare with what the Apostles and prophets were doing?
☛ Faith. How persuaded is the individual of the truth of God (Rom 4:20-21). Is his faith solid, and is he continuing in the faith grounded and settled (Col 1:23)? Is he continuing in the faith (Acts 14:22), persuaded that God is, and that He is a rewarder of them who diligently seek Him (Heb 11:6)?
☛ Longsuffering. Is the person forbearing, willing to suffer for the name of the Lord. Does he forbear in love, refusing to be offended by every small offense, and seeking rather to forgive (Eph 4:2,32)?
☛ Charity. How loving is the person? Does he have a love for the brethren – the people of God (1 Pet 1:22). Does he speak the truth in love, desirous to bring people closer to the Lord through his words (Eph 4:15)?
☛ Patience. How persevering is the man? Does he continue forging forward even though obstacles are in his path? Is he patient in tribulation, being noted for making progress in the faith, even when it is with great difficulty – bringing forth fruit with patience (Luke 8:15; Col 1:11)?
☛ Persecutions. How does the man respond to opposition and persecution? Is he like Moses, who chose to suffer affliction with the people of God rather than enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season (Heb 11:25)?
In all of these areas – and more – Paul’s manners and responses were well known among brethren. Even his enemies knew what he preached, and wrested his words. Paul now speaks as a tenured teacher and preacher of the Gospel of Christ – someone who was well known for what he both said and wrote. He needed no letters of commendation.
YOU ARE OUR EPISTLE
“ 2 Ye are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read of all men.”
The apostle now introduces the real credentials of a valid minister – the fruit that his message has produced in those who embraced it. That is the incontrovertible proof of the validity of a messenger and his message. What kind of people does it produce, and what kind of message is sent forth by their lives? A powerless gospel is not from God, for we are specifically told the Gospel of Christ “is the power of God unto salvation” (Rom 1:16). Genuine preaching and teaching is not a matter of mere words, speeches, catchy phrases, and religious buzz-words. “For the kingdom of God is not a matter of talk but of power” NIV (1 Cor 4:20).
YOU ARE OUR EPISTLES
“Ye are our epistle . . . ” Other versions read, “You are our letter,” NASB “You yourselves are our letter,” NIV and “But the only letter of recommendation we need is you yourselves!” NLT
The phrase “ye are our epistles” parallels a statement made in First Corinthians: “Are you not the result of my work in the Lord?” NIV (1 Cor 9:1). With great power, Paul also says of the Corinthians, “For you are the seal of my apostleship in the Lord” NKJV (1 Cor 9:2). Paul had birthed them through the Gospel – the unwavering message he faithfully preached, and for which he was noted. Thus he said to them, “For though ye have ten thousand instructors in Christ, yet have ye not many fathers: for in Christ Jesus I have begotten you through the gospel” (1 Cor 4:15).
The Corinthians themselves were proof that Paul was sent by Christ with a message from God. Those who had received his word and acted upon it confirmed that word was, in fact, the very truth of God “which effectually worketh also in you that believe” (1 Thess 2:13). He had not delivered a message of religious regimen to them: i.e. “the rudiments of the world” that outlined various routines, like “Touch not; taste not; handle not” (Col 2:21). He did not come among them with flowery speech and oratory, preaching the Gospel “with wisdom of words” (1 Cor 1:17). He employed “words which the Holy Spirit teaches, comparing spiritual things with spiritual” (1 Cor 2:13). The result was that the people themselves became an “epistle” – a letter that had been deliberately and powerfully written. The change in the disposition, character, words, and deeds of the Corinthians could only be attributed to a powerful and true message delivered by a faithful minister, “even as the Lord gave to every man” (1 Cor 3:5).
WRITTEN IN OUR HEARTS
“ . . . written in our hearts . . . ” Other versions read, “written on our hearts,” NIV “written on your hearts,” RSV “whose writing is in our hearts,” BBE and “Your lives are a letter written in our hearts.” NLT
Based on some manuscripts, a few versions read “written on your hearts.” RSV However, that view is not accepted by the vast majority of versions, which support the expression “our hearts.” KJV/NKJV/ASV/NASB/NIV/NRSV/DARBY/DOUAY/ESV/NJB/NLT/YLT
This phrase equates to one Paul wrote in his letter to the Philippians: “I have you in my heart” (Phil 1:7). In a more general way, this is the “love of the brethren” – a certain knitting together of those who have been “joined to the Lord” (1 Cor 6:17). The Apostle uses a similar statement later in this letter: “I have said before that you are in our hearts” (2 Cor 7:3). His willingness to minister to them also confirms they had been written in his heart: “And I will very gladly spend and be spent for you; though the more abundantly I love you, the less I be loved” (2 Cor 12:15).
Paul was not a mere religious professional. He was not engaged in a career path, moving about men with an interest to furthering his own objectives. He became closely affiliated with those to whom he ministered. They were truly “written” in his heart, so that he cared for them as one cares for himself. This is an example of the fulfilling of the second commandment of the Law: “thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself” (Lev 19:18; Matt 22:39).
Heartless Religion
One of the marks of lifeless religion is the absence of heartfelt responses. When men do not believe “with the heart” (Rom 10:10), it impacts the entire fabric of their religion. Under such systems, hearts are not “knit together in love” (Col 2:2). Ministers of lifeless words do not have those to whom they speak in their hearts. This condition is what occasions sermons and teachings that are not edifying, and thus do not minister to the regenerated spirit.
A Reflection of Divine Care
Paul having the Corinthians written in his heart is a reflection of God’s own care for His people. Divine care is expressed as people being engraved on the palms of God’s hands. “Behold, I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands; thy walls are continually before me” (Isa 49:16). By this, the Lord means He has a profound love and concern for His people – the kind that moves Him to work in their behalf. A New Covenant expression that reflects this care is found in Romans 8:28: “And we know that God causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose.” NASB
KNOWN AND READ OF ALL MEN
“ . . . known and read of all men.” Other versions read, “known and read by all men,” NKJV “known and read by everybody,” NIV “to be known and read by all,” NRSV “open to every man’s reading and knowledge,” BBE “that everyone can read and understand,” NJB and “everyone can read it and recognize our good work among you.” NLT
What has taken place to those who are in Christ is, to some degree, perceptible to “all men.” Fellow believers are thereby able to more fully identify what has happened to those who are born again. Those outside of Christ cannot put their finger on exactly what has taken place. However, both believer and unbeliever know that something has, in fact, transpired within the child of God. To some degree, both groups take due note of those changes, reading and knowing the saints.
The effects of the new birth are apparent, or evident. That is why those who are in Christ can be “known and read” by men. This is not speaking of a psychological perception or intuition – that is, being able to pick up on what is the real character of a person. This is not speaking of the perception that a person is dishonest, trying to take advantage of people, or operating with some hidden and unacceptable objectives. This is particularly referring to the awareness of what God has done in the individual.
The Savior said, “Ye ARE the salt of the earth” (Matt 5:13). He did not say that is what His disciples OUGHT to be, but what they actually were. He also affirmed that if that salt lost its saltness, it would be discarded, for it could not be made “salty again.” NASB At that point, the individual is no longer “the salt of the earth” – the means whereby the world is preserved from corruption and spiritual putrefaction. Being “salt” has to do with effecting the environment about us.
“A city that is set on a hill,” Jesus continued, “CANNOT be hid” (Matt 5:14). He does not say the city on a hill should not be hid, as though He was saying, “God set you on a hill, now see to it that you are seen!” All too often, that is how texts like this are presented. This was our Lord’s explanation of the unquestionable affirmation, “Ye ARE the light of the world.” He did NOT say, “You are to be the light of the world” – a phrase that is quite common in our day. Paul said the Philippians were shining “as lights in the world” (Phil 2:15).
All of this postulates a very real change – very real life! Being a “Christian” is not simply adopting a new way of living. It is not accepting a religious creed, or acquiescing to the tenets of a particular religion. Being “saved” is not adding a religious dimension to our life. Those who are “blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke” do, indeed, “shine as lights in the world” (Phil 2:15). This is because they are, in fact, working out their “own salvation with fear and trembling,” and it is God who is working in them “both to will and to do of His good pleasure” (Phil 2:12-13).
In Christ Jesus, “regeneration” is genuinely realized (Tit 3:5). This is described by Jesus as being “born again” (John 3:3,7; 1 Pet 1:23). It is becoming “dead indeed unto sin, but alive unto God through Jesus Christ our Lord” (Rom 6:11). We are really delivered “from the power of darkness,” and translated “into the kingdom of” God’s “dear Son” (Col 1:13). A change in character occurs at this point. New values and objectives are realized. Things once embraced are repudiated, and things once rejected are embraced. That is the nature of the new birth, or regeneration.
There is also a closeness among the people of God themselves that becomes evident to those who are alienated from God. Jesus said, “By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another” (John 13:35). That means this love can actually be perceived – or, as our text states, we are “known and read of all men.”
Moral and spiritual power are realized when we are “baptized into Christ” and “put on Christ” (Gal 3:27). Due to the effective teaching of the grace of God, the redeemed are enabled to live a life described as “denying ungodliness and worldly lusts,” living “soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world; looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Savior Jesus Christ” (Titus 2:13). Anyone who imagines this can be done without being, to some degree, apparent to others is simply wrong. A change that cannot be perceived is no change at all!
In his first epistle to the Corinthians, Paul reminded them of the moral and spiritual alteration that had taken place within them. They had been moved from a state of condemnation to one of justification and acceptance. Their natural condition demanded that this change take place. Paul described it in these words, “Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Be not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor extortioners, shall inherit the kingdom of God. And such were some of you: but ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God” (1 Cor 6:9-11). Do you imagine that kind of change could be hidden? Such people are, indeed, “known and read of all men.”
Our Day
Today, we are faced with a powerless church that is neither salt nor light. The line has been so blurred between the professed church and the world, that there is no longer an obvious difference between the two. Immorality of all kinds is found within the nominal church, as well as in the world. Worldly appearances, manners, and preferences have been adopted by nominal Christendom, so that it is perceived as essentially the same as the world. For the most part, people do not see “Christians” as differing from the world in nature, or character. This kind of condition brings great reproach upon the Lord, just as David’s sin with Bathsheba gave “occasion to the enemies of the Lord to blaspheme” (2 Sam 12:14). If that deed brought such reproach under an inferior covenant with inferior promises, what will be said of such reproach under a “better covenant, which was established upon better promises” (Heb 8:6)?
The words of this text provide a means for sober reflection and evaluation. They are spoken to “the new man”, and are intended to contribute to sound spiritual thought and expression. Good fruit will come from such things.
THE EPISTLE OF CHRIST
“ 3a Forasmuch as ye are manifestly declared to be the epistle of Christ . . . ”
Paul now shows that Divine workings always become evident. Just as men cannot set a city on a hill and it remain hidden, so God cannot work in men through Christ without it becoming evident. The understanding of the evidence may not be present, but the evidence itself can be seen. We have an example of this in the creation. As it is written, “The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament showeth His handiwork. Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night showeth knowledge. There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard” (Psa 19:1-3). Although men may fail to discern the handiwork of God in nature, yet it remains before their very eyes.
This principle is true on a still higher level in the redemptive workings of the Lord. This has particularly to do with the change that is wrought in those who are “joined to the Lord” (1 Cor 6:17), or have “put on Christ” (Gal 3:27). There is a message being sent to the world in every person that has been born again. Men may not have eyes to see it, but the message is there – just as surely as the Son of God stood among men, though some were blinded to His Person.
MANIFESTLY DECLARED
“Forasmuch as ye are manifestly declared . . .” Other versions read, “clearly you are,” NKJV “being manifested that you are,” NASB “You show that you are,” NIV “Being made manifest,” ASV “shown to be,” NAB “it is plain,” NJB “Clearly, you are.” NLT
and “For all can see.” WEYMOUTH
Something that is “manifestly declared” has been made apparent. This expression comes from a single Greek word – fanerou,menoi (fan-er-ou-men-oi). This is a causative word that affirms the Lord has made something known, or caused it to be seen. It is something He has shown, or revealed. In particular, the Corinthians themselves were a message – a message that confirmed the validity of Paul’s apostleship and preaching.
THE EPISTLE OF CHRIST
“ . . . to be the epistle of Christ . . . ” Other versions read, “a letter of Christ,” NASB “a letter from Christ,” NIV and “Christ’s epistle” DARBY
This evident working was the accomplishment of the Lord, not of man. It was a message from Christ to the world. It was undeniable evidence that a work had been done within the Corinthians that could not possibly have been accomplished by the will or power of mere men. The Corinthians had been “washed,” “sanctified,” and “justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God” (1 Cor 6:11). They had been “enriched” by Christ “in all utterance and knowledge” (1 Cor 1:5). They were collectively “the temple of God” (1 Cor 3:16), and were “the body of Christ and members in particular” (1 Cor 12:27).
An “epistle of Christ” speaks of something He has done. Jesus not only died for us “while we were yet sinners” (Rom 5:8), He takes up residency in those who “receive Him” (John 1:12; 14:21,23). The Lord Jesus not only is interceding for us at the right hand of God (Heb 7:25), He is within us as “the hope of glory” (Col 1:27). He lives within the child of God so that the life that is lived out is His own (Gal 2:20). Having been “joined to the Lord,” believers are now “one spirit” with Him (1 Cor 6:17).
This is not a secret work, but one that becomes evident in the lives of those who are in Christ Jesus. The only way this display can be shut off is for the Lord Jesus to quit writing – and the only way for Him to quit writing is for the Holy Spirit to be quenched (1 Thess 5:19), grieved (Eph 4:30), or resisted (Acts 7:51). The writing of Jesus can only be stopped when “an evil heart of unbelief” enters in, constraining one to depart from the living God (Heb 3:12). If this does not happen, the writing continues.
Wherever a soul actually rises from baptism to “walk in the newness of life” (Rom 6:4), the Lord Jesus is writing His epistle. Those who are ridding themselves of “all filthiness of flesh and spirit” (2 Cor 7:1), are experiencing the writing. Wherever people are presenting their bodies a living sacrifice to God (Rom 12:1-2), the writing continues. The unquenched Spirit is a writing Spirit!
It is imperative that we note this writing is apparent. Such a change is wrought in the individual that a message is sent through that life to the world. This is a writing that is “manifestly declared” – i.e. it is apparent to “all men.” A life that does not testify to the reality of Divine working is simply a life in which the writing of Jesus is not taking place. While that may appear quite strong, it is an unavoidable conclusion. If the redeemed are “manifestly declared” to be Christ’s epistles, then it is not possible for the writing to be concealed.
I have often heard men say that believers are hiding their light – obscuring its effectiveness. They base their view on Christ’s words in Matthew 5:15-16: “Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in the house. Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven.” It is important to see what Jesus is saying here. He is not saying you can hide your light. Rather, He is affirming that if it does not shine, it will go out, just as surely salt can “lose its savor,” or “saltness” (Mark 9:50).
Those who imagine they can keep the light, remain salt, and retain the writing of Jesus within, while remaining unresponsive to it, are simply wrong. If the light is not maintained, it will go out. If the salt is not properly maintained, it will lose its saltness. If the effect of the writing is suppressed, Jesus will cease to write, and men will cease to be His epistle. This is confirmed in the words that follow.
MINISTERED BY US
“ 3b . . . ministered by us . . . ” Other versions read, “cared for by us,” NASB “the result of our ministry,” NIV “prepared by us,” NRSV “delivered by us,” RSV “the fruit of our work,” BBE “administered by us,” NAB “entrusted to our care,” NJB “produced by my service,” WILLIAMS and “transcribed by me.” MONTGOMERY
Here is an example of men working together with God through Christ. As it is written, “For we are laborers together with God . . .” (1 Cor 3:9), and “We then, as workers together with Him . . . ” (2 Cor 6:1). In the writing of Scripture, “amanuenses” were often used. These were men “employed to write from dictation or to copy a manuscript.” MIRRIAM-WEBSTER Baruch, for example, was the one who wrote Jeremiah’s words in a book (Jer 36:32). During the reigns of David and Solomon, there were three prominent
scribes who recorded for them: Seraiah, Sheva, and Jehosaphat (2 Sam 8:17; 20:25; 1 Kgs 4:3). The epistle to the Romans was written by Tertius at the dictation of Paul (Rom 16:22).
Just as Paul wrote the Epistle to the Romans using Tertius as his scribe (Rom 1:1; 16:22), so the Corinthians were Jesus’ writing through the spiritual scribe Paul. Elsewhere the apostle said of the Corinthians, “are not ye my work in the Lord” (1 Cor 9:1). He is the one who “planted” them (1 Cor 3:6). They were his “beloved sons” (1 Cor 4:14). As he said to them, “For though ye have ten thousand instructors in Christ, yet have ye not many fathers: for in Christ Jesus I have begotten you through the gospel” (1 Cor 4:15). Luke records the beginning of the Corinthian church, tracing it back to the preaching of Paul: “And Crispus, the chief ruler of the synagogue, believed on the Lord with all his house; and many of the Corinthians hearing believed, and were baptized. Then spake the Lord to Paul in the night by a vision, Be not afraid, but speak, and hold not thy peace: For I am with thee, and no man shall set on thee to hurt thee: for I have much people in this city. And he continued there a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them” (Acts 18:8-11).
God has appointed that men will be saved “through the foolishness of preaching” (1 Cor 1:21) – that is, through a message that the world considers “foolishness,” yet which is “the power of God unto salvation” (Rom 10:16). Thus, the Ethiopian eunuch, hopelessly confused by Isaiah’s description of the Messiah, had the text clarified to him by the insightful preaching of Philip (Acts 8:31-39).
It has been revealed that “every man” that comes to Christ has been given a “minister” from God – someone through whom they believed. “Who then is Paul, and who is Apollos, but ministers by whom ye believed, even as the Lord gave to every man?” (1 Cor 3:5). These “ministers” are “sent” by God (Rom 10:15). Several examples of this sending have been recorded for us.
☛ God sent forth John the Baptist to prepare the way for the Lord (Matt 11:10; Mk 1:2; John 1:6).
☛ Jesus sent forth the twelve (Matt 10:5; John 4:38).
☛ Jesus told His disciples to pray that God would send laborers into His harvest (Lk 10:2).
☛ Those who receive whom Jesus sends, receive Jesus Himself (John 13:20).
☛ The Lord sent Ananias to Saul of Tarsus (Acts 9:17).
☛ The Spirit sent Barnabas and Saul to a special work (Acts 13:2-4).
☛ Paul was sent to the Gentiles (Acts 22:21; 26:17).
☛ The Lord sent Paul to Macedonia (Acts 16:9).
When Paul says, “ministered by us,” he is affirming that he was sent to them by the Head of the church, just as surely as Peter was sent to the house of Cornelius (Acts 10:1-48).
The “It Is Not Me” Syndrome
I have often heard men respond to those who thanked them for their ministry of the Word by saying, “Don’t thank me, thank God. He is the One who did it.” It all sounds humble enough, and the people probably mean well. However, is this an accurate statement of the case? Is not one of the very reasons for this epistle that the Corinthians were not appreciative of the messenger that God had sent them? Was Paul not a “worker together with God,” and had not Christ written upon their hearts through his ministry?
The salvation of God brings people into the status of being co-partners with the Lord. He now works in us (Phil 2:13) and speaks through us (2 Cor 5:20). The great power of God, through which He is able to do “exceeding abundantly above all we ask or think,” “worketh IN us” (Eph 3:20). Paul said he was made a minister “according to the gift of the grace of God given unto me by the effectual working of His power” (Eph 3:7). The “exceeding greatness of His power” is “toward us-ward who believe” (Eph 1:19). That great power is not merely to deliver us from the power of darkness, but to give us utility in the Kingdom into which we have been “translated” (Col 1:13). This utility is not realized by God overpowering us, or working through us while we remain in a state of spiritual ignorance. While it may be conceded that such workings are possible, that is certainly not the objective of the “great salvation” in which we are participating.
The Lord has not summoned us into the arena of His “eternal purpose” to sit on the sidelines as spectators. We have been called into the warfare. We have been summoned into the Gospel initiative. We have been called into the “fellowship” of God’s Son – and He is working! The bane of modern religion Is that it has left the masses idle – sitting, as it were, on the sidelines. This is not of God, and in no way is it acceptable.
Respect the Messenger
When Paul stood before his own people, declaring the Gospel of Christ, he said, “Men and brethren, children of the stock of Abraham, and whosoever among you feareth God, to you is the word of this salvation sent” (Acts 13:26). It was sent by the Lord, but delivered by Paul. When that word was rejected, it constituted a rejection of everlasting life. Thus Paul and Barnabas said, “It was necessary that the word of God should first have been spoken to you: but seeing ye put it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, lo, we turn to the Gentiles” (Acts 13:46).
The Thessalonians were admonished, “But we request of you, brethren, that you appreciate those who diligently labor among you, and have charge over you in the Lord and give you instruction” NASB (1 Thess 5:12). The Corinthians were admonished concerning Stephanus, Fortunatus, and Achaicus, “For they have refreshed my spirit and yours: therefore acknowledge ye them that are such” (1 Cor 16:18). Hebrew believers were told concerning those who labored among them, “Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls, as they that must give account, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief: for that is unprofitable for you” (Heb 13:17).
Nowhere are we told to submit to those who are mere religious administrators, and who only have the institutional title of a leader or elder. Such submission is reserved for those by whom we haved believed, or who have fed and nourished the flock of God. Such men were sent by God, and were ministers of Christ. The Lord used their words to awaken us, nurture us, and prepare us for the great and notable day of the Lord. Using the truth ministered by faithful and insightful servants, the Lord makes us into letters that can be read and known by all men.
You do well to ponder those who have been used by God to make you an “epistle of Christ,” thanking Him for them. The Corinthians had not done this, and thus stood in jeopardy. If it is true that Paul was the means through which Jesus inscribed upon their hearts, then to receive Paul was actually to receive Christ. Jesus Himself said, “He that receiveth you receiveth Me, and he that receiveth Me receiveth Him that sent Me” (Mat 10:40). And again, “Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that receiveth whomsoever I send receiveth Me; and he that receiveth Me receiveth Him that sent Me” (John 13:20). The converse of this is also true. To reject a messenger sent by Jesus, is to reject Jesus Himself. These circumstances makes this text unusually relevant, for all of us have been given a minister from God.
REAL WRITING
“ 3c . . . written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God.”
The Spirit now elaborates on the writing of Jesus. He will show something of the involvements of being an “epistle of Christ.” We will be lifted out of the realm of speculation and philosophy in this matter. The writing of reference is very real, and it has produced very real results.
WRITTEN NOT WITH INK
“ . . . written not with ink . . . ” Other versions read, “recorded not with ink,” BBE “written, not in ink,” NAB and “written not with pen and ink.” NLT
The writing now expounded is what makes us “epistles of Christ.” While this writing was “ministered” by Paul, it was not written by him. This might appear to be of small significance, but that is emphatically not the case.
The contrast is being made between letters of recommendation from men, and an authenticating message from the Lord. Letters written with pen and ink may not be plain. They may fade with age. They may be marred and become illegible. But it is not so with this writing.
The phrase “not with ink,” means it is not of men. Men are not the ones who produce the results. It is true that Scripture itself is writing – writing “with ink.” However, it is the Spirit who produces the effective writing within men. The fact that the writing that produced moral and spiritual change is not in ink, means it was not accomplished by the wisdom of men or the wisdom of words. It was not the result of human rhetoric, superior eloquence, or the supposed ability of men to motivate and persuade. In their best state, sound and persuasive words have a place – but it is not the decisive place! What mensay must be something that can be used by the Lord, who traffics only in the truth.
Permit me to state this more plainly – and I speak as a writer and author. The Lord does not save people by “best sellers.” Moral and spiritual change is not accomplished by “pen and ink.” The best men can do is to provide some assistance in taking hold of the Word of God, stimulating faith and hope. But in the end, if a genuine change takes place, it is not because of men. It cannot be ultimately traced to “pen and ink.” The Lord is targeting a more permanent and abiding work than men can achieve.
WITH THE SPIRIT OF THE LIVING GOD
“ . . . but with the Spirit of the living God . . . ” Other versions read, “but by the Spirit of the living God,” NKJV and “but the Spirit of the living God.” DARBY
Although the believers are referred to as “the epistle of Christ,” here they are said to have been “written with the Spirit of the living God.” The idea is that Jesus is the Author of the epistle, the Holy Spirit did the actual writing, and it was done through the ministry of the Apostle Paul. Herein is a marvelous example of the cooperative manner of the Kingdom. The purpose belongs to God Himself. That purpose is being carried out by the Lord Jesus Christ. He sends forth the Spirit, who conforms the character of people to be in harmony with the Lord, doing so through the ministry of those who are laboring together with God. That is a most marvelous arrangement!
The epistle, or message, that is being written by Jesus, through the Spirit, in concert with the ministry of His servants, is that of a changed life. What is here said to be writing, is elsewhere said to be conforming us to the image of Christ (Rom 8:29). This is done by changing us from one stage of glory to another – a ministry that is actually accomplished by the Holy Spirit. (2 Cor 3:18). The message itself, that is known and read, is Jesus. That is, God is showing the life of His Son through those who have been joined to Him.
Details of the Writing
With great power, the ministry of the Holy Spirit is chronicled by the New Covenant speakers and writers. The texts that follow are a vivid depiction of the writing to which this text refers: “written . . . with the Spirit of the living God.”
☛ LEADING. “For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God.” (Rom 8:14)
☛ WASHED, SANCTIFIED, AND JUSTIFIED. “And such were some of you: but ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God.” (1 Cor 6:11)
☛ CHANGED. “But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord.” (2 Cor 3:18)
☛ SHEDDING ABROAD THE LOVE OF GOD. “And hope maketh not ashamed; because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Spirit which is given unto us.” (Rom 5:5)
☛ FREEDOM. “For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death.” (Rom 8:2)
☛ QUICKENING. “But if the Spirit of Him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, He that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you” (Rom 8:11).
☛ MORTIFYING THE DEEDS OF THE BODY. “For if ye live after the flesh, ye shall die: but if ye through the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body, ye shall live.” (Rom 8:13).
☛ HELPING OUR INFIRMITIES. “Likewise the Spirit also helpeth our infirmities: for we know not what we should pray for as we ought: but the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered. And He that searcheth the hearts knoweth what is the mind of the Spirit, because He maketh intercession for the saints according to the will of God.” (Rom 8:27).
☛ RIGHTEOUSNESS, PEACE, AND JOY. “For the kingdom of God is not meat and drink; but righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit.” (Rom 14:17)
☛ ABOUNDING HOPE. “Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Spirit” (Rom 15:13)
☛ MADE ACCEPTABLE TO GOD. “That I should be the minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Spirit.” (Rom 15:16)
☛ WAITING IN HOPE. “For we through the Spirit wait for the hope of righteousness by faith.” (Gal 5:5)
☛ STRIVING AGAINST THE FLESH. “For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that ye cannot do the things that ye would. But if ye be led of the Spirit, ye are not under the law.” (Gal 5:17-18)
☛ FRUIT. “But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, Meekness, temperance: against such there is no law.” (Gal 5:22-23).
☛ REAPING EVERLASTING LIFE. “For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting.” (Gal 6:8)
☛ ACCESS TO THE FATHER. “For through Him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father.” (Eph 2:18)
☛ STRENGTH IN THE INNER MAN. “That He would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, to be strengthened with might by his Spirit in the inner man.” (Eph 3:16)
☛ SEALED. “And grieve not the holy Spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed unto the day of redemption.” (Eph 4:30)
☛ PRAYER. “Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints.” (Eph 6:18)
☛ KEEPING WHAT HAS BEEN COMMITTED TO US. “That good thing which was committed unto thee keep by the Holy Spirit which dwelleth in us.” (2 Tim 1:14)
☛ RENEWAL. “Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy He saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Spirit.” (Titus 3:5)
☛ OBEYING THE TRUTH. “Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, see that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently.” (1 Pet 1:22)
☛ ABIDING IN CHRIST. “But ye have an Unction from the Holy One, and ye know all things . . . But the anointing which ye have received of Him abideth in you, and ye need not that any man teach you: but as the same Anointing teacheth you of all things, and is truth, and is no lie, and even as it hath taught you, ye shall abide in Him.” (1 John 2:20,27).
☛ KEEPING THE COMMANDMENTS. “And he that keepeth His commandments dwelleth in Him, and He in him. And hereby we know that He abideth in us, by the Spirit which He hath given us.” (1 John 3:24).
All of these activities are involved in the “writing” being accomplished by the Holy Spirit. It is as though the human spirit was made a blank page in regeneration, with all of the old writing removed from it. Then, the Holy Spirit begins inscribing on that blank page, filling it up with a living message. It is a message from Christ – a message that is transmitted through moral and spiritual renewal. A marvelous work, indeed!
IN THE HEART, NOT STONE
“ 3d . . . not in tables of stone, but in fleshly tables of the heart.”
First the Spirit tells us the means whereby the writing is being done: it is not being done by men – “not with ink., but the Spirit of the living God. ” Now He tells us where the work is being done: the epistle is not being written in stone, but in “fleshly tables of the heart.”
NOT IN TABLES OF STONE
“ . . . not in tables of stone . . . ” Other versions read “not on tables of stone,” NKJV “not on tablets of stone,” NASB “not in stone,” BBE “not on stone tables,” DARBY and “It is carved not on stone,” NLT
The obvious parallel is being made with the Law, which was written on tables of stone. When He was about to give the Law to Moses, the Lord said, “Come up to Me into the mount, and be there: and I will give thee tables of stone, and a law, and commandments which I have written; that thou mayest teach them” (Ex 24:12). Again it is written, “And He gave unto Moses, when He had made an end of communing with him upon mount Sinai, two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God” (Ex 31:18).
Moses descended the Mount, taking the tables of stone with him. “And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and the two tables of the testimony were in his hand: the tables were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written. And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables” (Ex 32:16).
As soon as Moses came within range of the people, he heard them shouting, engaged in drunken revelry, and dancing around a golden calf. It is written that “Moses' anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount” (Ex 32:19).
The tables of stone reflected the hearts of the people. Their hearts were like that of the great “leviathan,” a serpent of the sea mentioned in the book of Job. “His heart is as hard as stone, Even as hard as the lower millstone” (Job 41:24). God said of Israel to Ezekiel, “For they are impudent children and stiffhearted” (Ezek 2:4). And again, But the house of Israel will not hearken unto thee; for they will not hearken unto me: for all the house of Israel are impudent and hardhearted” (Ezek 3:7). Zechariah said of them, “But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their ears, that they should not hear. Yea, they made their hearts as an adamant stone, lest they should hear the law, and the words which the LORD of hosts hath sent in his spirit by the former prophets: therefore came a great wrath from the LORD of hosts” (Zech 7:11-12).
Hearts of stone refuse to listen to the Lord. They will not hearken to His Word or do His bidding. Because those with hearts of stone will not turn, it is said of them, they “hardened their neck, and would not hear” (Neh 9:29). Through Isaiah, God said of Israel, “Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass” (Isa 48:4). Jeremiah said of them, “O LORD, are not thine eyes upon the truth? thou hast stricken them, but they have not grieved; thou hast consumed them, but they have refused to receive correction: they have made their faces harder than a rock; they have refused to return” (Jer 5:3).
Is there anyone who imagines that God has provided for such a people in Christ Jesus? Is there someone naive enough to think that it is right for anyone wearing the name of Christ to have the same response to the living God as Israel of old? I have heard a significant number of men preach as though this was the case. The wave of contemporary Christian music that is striking against the body of Christ like a putrid wave of the deep, often addresses God as though this was true.
God inscribed His law on tables of stone two times (Ex 31:18; 34:28). He will not do it again. The writing of the New Covenant is not according to the manner of the writing of the Old Covenant. Salvation provides for a different kind of writing.