The Book of Acts
Lesson Number 19
TRANSLATION LEGEND: ALT = Analytical-Literal Translation (2005), AMPLIFIED = Amplified Bible (1965), ASV = American Standard Version (1901), BBE=Bible in Basic English (1949), DRA = Douay-Rheims (1899), ERV = English Revised Version (1885), ESV = English Stand Version (2001), GNB = Good News (1966), GWN = God’S Word (1995), IE = International English, ISV = International Standard Version (1967), JPS = Jewish Publication Society (1917), KJV = King James Version (1611), L.ITV = Literal Translation of the Bible ((1976), LIVING = Living Bible (1971), MKJV = Modern KJV (1962), MONTGOMERY = Montgomery’s New Testament (2001), MRD = Peshitta-James Murdock Translation (1852), NAB = New American Bible (2002), NASB = New American Standard Bible (1977), NAU = New American Standard Bible (1995), NIB = New International Bible, NIV = New International Version (1984), NJB = New Jerusalem Bible (1985), NKJV = New King James Version (1979), NLT =New Living Translation (1996), NRSV = New Revised Standard Version (1989), PHILLIPS = J B Phillips New Testament (1962), PNT = BISHOP’S New Testament (1595), RSV = Revised Standard Version (1952), TNK = JPS Tanakj (1985), Webster = The Webster Bible (1833),WEYMOUTH = Weymouth’s New Testament (1903), WILLIAMS = William’s New Testament (1937), TYNDALE = Tyndale’s Bible (1526), WYCLIFFE = Wycliffe New Testament (1382), YLT =Young’s Literal Translation (1862).
---------- Lexicon and Bible Translation Codes with Identification -----------
LEXICON LEGEND: FRIEBERG = Friberg Lexicon, UBS = UBS Lexicon, LOUW-NIDA = Louw-Nida Lexicon, LIDDELL SCOTT = Liddell Scott Lexicon, THAYER = Thayer’s Greek Lexicon, LEH = LEH Lexicon, GINGRICH = Gingrich Lexicon
DISCLAIMER: The quoting of other translations is not to be taken as a condoning of them. My purpose is rather to show the remarkable diversity, and sometimes outright contradictions that exist among these various versions of Scripture. Our understanding of the Word of God ultimately depends upon our comprehension of the Lord Himself and His eternal purpose. Where this understanding is not present, we are shut up to scholasticism and conjecture, both of which are of the world, not of God.
THE DISCIPLES PRAY
“ 4:23 And being let go, they went to their own company, and reported all that the chief priests and elders had said unto them. 24 And when they heard that, they lifted up their voice to GOD with one accord, and said, LORD, THOU art GOD, which hast made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and all that in them is: 25 Who by the mouth of THY servant David hast said, Why did the heathen rage, and the people imagine vain things? 26 The kings of the earth stood up, and the rulers were gathered together against the LORD, and against HIS CHRIST. 27 For of a truth against THY HOLY CHILD JESUS, whom THOU hast anointed, both Herod, and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the people of Israel, were gathered together, 28 For to do whatsoever THY hand and THY counsel determined before to be done. 29 And now, LORD, behold their threatenings: and grant unto THY servants, that with all boldness they may speak THY word, 30 By stretching forth THINE hand to heal; and that signs and wonders may be done by the name of THY holy child Jesus. 31 And when they had prayed, the place was shaken where they were assembled together; and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and they spake the word of God with boldness.” (Acts 4:23-31)
INTRODUCTION
Because the council could find no cause for punishment in Peter and John, and because they feared the people and were therefore unwilling to trump up charges against them, they determined to let them go with a stern warning. Having been with this council for some time, and because they were devoted to the Lord who gave Himself for them, and had chosen them to be His witnesses, when they were released, they immediately repaired to their brethren. Because they were not ignorant of Satan’s devices, they perceived that a bold and intense initiative was being launched against them. They did not determine to go to another place, for Jesus had solemnly commissioned them to fill Jerusalem, Judea, and Samaria with the Gospel. Therefore, having made a report to the brethren, and undaunted by the threats of the council, they all prayed to the Lord, petitioning Him to grant them boldness to preach His word. Their prayer was insightful, got the attention of heaven, and a great visitation from God was experienced. This is one of the great events of the book. That is a summation of the text before us.
There is much to be learned from this text, particularly when we consider the realities to which we are being exposed.
➪ We are beholding the clash of the Spirit with the flesh, truth with error, and life with tradition.
➪ The initiative of faith is evident, as Peter and John boldly affirm what they have seen and heard.
➪ The full assurance of understanding is evident, which cannot be suppressed by opposition.
➪ We are introduced to messengers that are holy as well as bold, and therefore no legitimate cause of punishment can be found in them.
➪ Among the faithful, there is a total absence of institutionalism.
➪ There is no division in the body of Christ.
➪ There is no absence of the love of the truth among the disciples.
➪ There is no discernable outward pattern that allows for an external duplication of the responses of Peter and John.
If you were lay the activities of the average mega-church [and most smaller churches as all] beside this record, you would be at a total loss to find any similarities. The message is different. The manner is different. The motives are different. The focus is different. There is a level of zeal that is virtually unknown. There is a degree of confidence that challenges the religious mind. These observations are very evident.
The mitigating factor is that we are beholding real life, real faith, and real commitment. This is how men of God respond to opposition. The difference between then and now is that a significant departure from the truth has taken place between the time of our text and our day – a “falling away.”
This falling away was foretold by the Lord Jesus. He traced it to the prevalence of iniquity, and the consequent diminishment of a love for Himself among those professing His name. “And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold” (Matt 24:12). When love grows cold, NKJV the fruits that spring from love wither and die.
The Apostles also spoke of a time of falling away, delivering various insights into its cause and nature. It was always an obvious point of concern.
➪ BECAUSE TRUTH WILL NOT BE LOVED, GOD WILL SEND STRONG DELUSION UPON THE PEOPLE, CONSTRAINING THEM TO BELIEVE A LIE. “Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition . . . And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie: that they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness” (2 Thess 2:3,10-12).
➪ FAITH WILL NO LONGER BE PIVOTAL, AND THUS DEMONIC DOCTRINES WILL BE EMBRACED. “Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils; speaking lies in hypocrisy; having their conscience seared with a hot iron” (1 Tim 4:1-2).
➪ A POWERLESS FORM OF RELIGION WILL BE EMBRACED THAT ALLOWS FOR SIN TO REMAIN AMONG THE PEOPLE. “This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come. For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, traitors, heady, highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God; having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away” (2 Tim 3:1-5).
➪ ABANDONING THE TRUTH OF GOD, MEN WILL STRUCTURE THEIR RELIGION AROUND THEIR OWN FLESHLY INTERESTS. “For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; and they shall turn away their ears from the truth, and shall be turned unto fables” (2 Tim 4:3-4).
➪ DOCTRINES WILL BE BROUGHT IN THAT LEAD MEN INTO CONDEMNATION AND CAUSE THE TRUTH TO BE MALIGNED. “But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction. And many shall follow their pernicious ways; by reason of whom the way of truth shall be evil spoken of” (2 Pet 2:1-2).
The falling away foretold was of great concern to the apostles. Paul, for example, admonished Timothy to “preach the word; be instant [ready NKJV] in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine. For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine . . . ” (1 Tim 4:2). That is, in view of the coming falling away, he was to make the most of the time, letting no opportunity pass him by. The time was coming when “sound doctrine” would not be tolerated by the professing church. It would develop its own agenda and priorities, ignoring Divine purpose and emphasis. There would be a marked propensity to preaching and teaching that would please those with no faith. That means it would be anchored to the world – the temporal order. Teaching would be man-centered, not Christocentric, or Christ-centered. Note again the traits of this “falling away.”
➪ No love for the truth.
➪ An empty form of godliness.
➪ Powerless religion.
➪ An tolerance of worldiness.
➪ A lack of interest in sound doctrine.
➪ Turning away from the truth.
➪ Gathering of teachers who will pacify the desires of sinful men.
➪ Doctrines that push one into the broad leading to destruction.
➪ Inconsistencies in Christianity that will lead men to speak evil of truth.
I am drawing attention to these characteristics because none of them were present at the time of our text. Their absence, together with the hearty embrace of the truth, is what enabled such mighty works and powerful preaching to take place. It is not that such displays of Divine power and influence were assigned to a specific age, or that they were limited to certain men. The book of Acts is revealing the manner of “the day of salvation.” It is unveiling the nature of the New Covenant, showing us the results of men being truly reconciled to God and in fellowship with Jesus Christ.
GODLY RESULTS CANNOT BE REALIZED WITHOUT GODLY CAUSES
Godly results can only proceed from godly causes. Powerful outcomes can only come from powerful causation. If men abandon the truth, they lose all access to the experiences wrought by truth. These include:
➪ Freedom (John 8:32).
➪ Sanctification (John 17:19).
➪ The teaching of Jesus (Eph 4:21).
➪ The experience of hope (Col 1:5).
➪ Salvation (2 Thess 2:10-12).
➪ Believing (2 Thess 2:13).
➪ Godly knowledge (1 Tim 2:4).
➪ A valid ministry within the church (1 Tim 3:15).
➪ Repentance (2 Tim 2:25).
➪ Obedience (1 Pet 1:22).
➪ A godly life (1 John 1:6).
➪ Assurance (1 John 3:19).
If “the truth” is removed, all of these benefits go with it – all of them! If there is no “love of the truth,” there is no possible way to experience the benefits that come from it. If it appears as though these things are present while the truth is absent, there really is only a simulation of them. What is derived from the truth itself cannot be obtained independently of that truth.
When we are faced with a fundamentally flawed church, it is because somewhere men have chosen to deny or abandon the truth. At some point they cease to love it and demand it. Their ears were turned away from the truth.
I have taken the time to say these things because they help to explain the realities that are taking place in our text. The evidences of falling away are totally absent. There is, at this point, no false teaching among professing Christians. Not only are they together, they are “of one heart and of one soul” (4:32). The truth is being proclaimed with power, and it has accomplished two things:
➪ Men have been brought to believe.
➪ The enemies of Jesus have been provoked.
Thus the marks of the New Covenant are being clearly shown. “For we are unto God a sweet savor of Christ, in them that are saved, and in them that perish: to the one we are the savor of death unto death; and to the other the savor of life unto life. And who is sufficient for these things?” (2 Cor 2:16).
We have every reason to believe that if the professing church will “walk in the light as He is in the light,” God will work through it to bring glory and honor to his own name. This will be done by flushing out those who have no love for the truth, and by awakening those who do have such a God-given love. When this happens, God will work for good.
THEY WENT TO THEIR OWN COMPANY
“ 4:23 And being let go, they went to their own company, and reported all that the chief priests and elders had said unto them.”
Here we will see a trait of newness of life: it moves men to seek out kindred spirits. Peter and John will not go into hiding, but will immediately join themselves to fellow believers.
THEY WENT TO THEIR OWN COMPANY
“And being let go, they went to their own company . . . ” Other versions read, “their own companions,” NKJV “their own people,” NIV “their friends,” NRSV “their own fellowship,” CSB “their fellows,” GENEVA “their brethren,” MRD “their fellow believers,” NET “the community,” NJB “the other disciples,” LIVING “the other apostles,” GWN and “their own group.” IE
The word “company” means “pertaining to oneself . . . family . . . generation . . . one’s own people,” THAYER and “one’s own people, family, household, countrymen.” FRIBERG
One modern translation affirms “their own company” to be the apostles themselves. GWN This is not true. There is no evidence that the apostles tended to cluster together following Christ’s ascension into heaven. They were not a group unto themselves, but were placed within the body of Christ, being a part of the whole (1 Cor 12:28). Thus we read in the book of acts of “the apostles and the brethren” (11:1). Special gatherings for the examining of issues and drawing valid conclusions involved “the apostles and elders” (15:2,4,6,22,23; 16:4). Once a mass of people were noted for siding“with the apostles” NKJV (14:4). Key analysis and decisions were made by James, the Lord’s brother, after the apostle James had been killed (Acts 12;17; 15:13; 21:18).
In our text, “their own company” does not describe the office they held in the church – “apostles” – but those with whom they had commonality in Christ Jesus.
➪ A common salvation (Tit 1:4; Jude 1:3).
➪ A common faith.
Following Christ’s ascension, the eleven “continued with one accord in prayer and supplication, with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with His brethren.” At that time, we are told, there were “together” about one hundred and twenty (Acts 1:14-15). When Jesus rose from the dead, He did appear to “the twelve” (1 Cor 15:5), but He also did to James, and to “above five hundred brethren at once” (1 Cor 15:5,7). When Jesus appeared to the disciples and “opened their understanding, that they might understand the Scriptures,” there were others “with” the eleven, including several women and Cleopas and his companion (Lk 24:33-44).
After Pentecost, the believers “were together” (Acts 2:44). Later, when Peter was miraculously delivered from prison, “he came to the house of Mary the mother of John . . . where many were gathered together praying” (Acts 12:12). Following ascension of Jesus, there is not a single clear account in all of Scripture of the twelve apostles having a unique gathering by themselves – not a single one. What would lead anyone to imagine that, in this text, “their own company” means only the apostles themselves?
What we have here is an circumstance similar to that which was experienced in the days of Malachi. “Then they that feared the LORD spake often one to another: and the LORD hearkened, and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before Him for them that feared the LORD, and that thought upon His name” (Mal 3:16). In my judgment, we do a great disservice to the church by suggesting the apostles were a group unto themselves. While they did possess special gifts, and were given a unique role within the church, they did not isolate themselves from the rest of the body. They were part of the “all that believed” that were “together” (Acts 2:44). While their faith was adapted for their ministry, it was nevertheless a “common faith,” and blended perfectly with the faith of those who believed on Christ through their word (John 17:20).
This is actually a critical point of sound doctrine – the apostles doctrine. That is why Peter wrote this to scattered believers, “Simon Peter, a bond-servant and apostle of Jesus Christ, to those who have received a faith of the same kind as ours, by the righteousness of our God and Savior, Jesus Christ” NASB (2 Pet 1:1). There is, after all, only “one faith,” and it perfectly joins the people of God together (Eph 4:5). The apostles did not have a different kind faith, but a different “measure” – and there is a vast difference between those two concepts (Rom 12:3; Eph 4:7,16).
The Preference of Godly People
Faith brings to the heart a preference for godly people – “the household of faith” (Gal 6:10), or “the whole family” (Eph 3:15). Where this preference is absent, a most serious deficiency exits! For some people “their own company” has absolutely no reference to the children of God. However, in our text, it provides us insight into the very real closeness among brethren that is produced by fellowship with, and the love of, the Lord Jesus Christ.
Peter and John sensed they were not alone in this warfare. In their hearts they had already appropriated the truth of Romans 12:15: “Rejoice with them that do rejoice, and weep with them that weep.” Here we will behold an example of “striving together for the faith of the Gospel” (Phil 1:27). They will call upon the brethren to “strive together” in “prayers to God” for them (Rom 15:30). This will be an excellent example of being “perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment” (1 Cor 1:10). We will be exposed to a “whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth” (Eph 4:16).
Of course, such things are not even possible if there is not a preference for the people of God. Such a preference is inherent in brotherly love which, under no circumstances, is to be lacking among the saints of God. That such a love was present is confirmed by what follows. At this time, the brethren did not require exhortations to love one another, or be mindful of one another, or to labor together. This will not be a response to an admonition, or the fulfillment of a commandment. It is rather the spontaneous response of those who were walking in the newness of life.
THEY REPORTED IT ALL
“ . . . and reported all that the chief priests and elders had said unto them.” Other versions read, “gave an account of all,” BBE “related all,” DOUAY “showed all,” GENEVA “told them all, “ MRD “told them everything,” NJB and “declared whatever.” YLT
The fact that people of God do not fear men does not suggest that they attach no significance to their threats. Believers know very well that they are not of themselves equal to the challenges of opposition. Further, their connection with the “Head over all things” is through their faith. They cannot live as though their enemies did not exist, or their empowerment and protection were automatic. I acknowledge that some people appear to live in this manner, but it is not right to do so. To suggest that we have been called into the fellowship of God’s Son (1 Cor 1:9), only to have Him work in us apart from that fellowship, is nothing but an imagination. If we have been “joined to the Lord,” and are “one spirit” with Him (1 Cor 6:17), how is it that Divine benefits could possibly pass to us apart from that joining? It is the lively connection between brethren that becomes the channel through which the Head ministers nourishment to them. As it is written, “ . . . the Head, from Whom the entire body, supplied and knit together by means of its joints and ligaments, grows with a growth that is from God.” AMPLIFIED
As confirmed in Ezekiel’s valley of dry bones, a disjointed and disassembled body it utterly useless. That is because it has no power, much less mobility and dexterity. An army cannot be assembled from bones, no matter how many there are, and irrespective of their imagined antiquity. It is not that a divided church IS not doing anything, it is rather that it CANNOT do anything. This is confirmed by the judgment at the tower of Babel. At the very instant the people became separated from one another, “they stopped building the city” NASB (Gen 11:8).
Further, let no man imagine that the marvelous affinity revealed in our text is apart from a lively awareness, or consciousness. Salvation includes the confirming testimony of the Holy Spirt, who “beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God” (Rom 8:16). It is within the framework of an acute consciousness of God – called “the knowledge of Him” – that men receive everything pertaining to life and godliness (2 Pet 1:1) – including the abilities to give insightful reports, and to pray with obvious power.
Now the disciples are going to go to the Lord concerning the threats that have been made to Peter and John. It is in view of this that the two reported everything that had been said to them. They know they have “access . . . unto the Father,” and they will avail themselves of it” (Eph 2:18). As Job said he would do, and in keeping with the nature of the New Covenant, they will “order” their cause before the Lord (Job 23:4), and “plead” with Him, (Isa 43:26), producing their “cause,” and bringing forth their “strong reasons” (Isa 41:21).
To assist the brethren in framing their petition, a full report of the cause has been given. Now, like spiritual lawyers, they will present their case to, and reason with, the Lord.
THEY LIFTED UP THEIR VOICE TO GOD WITH ONE ACCORD
“ 24a And when they heard that, they lifted up their voice to God with one accord, and said . . . ”
We will now exposed to the unity of the Spirit and its utility in Kingdom matters. Unity is not an end of itself. Its value is seen in its effects. This is owing to the peaceable environment that it produces – an environment in which “the fruit of righteousness” is sown (James 3:18). No genuine and lasting work of God will be accomplished where division in heart and mind exist.
In the Spirit, legitimate difference involves differing, yet harmonious, perspectives of the same things. In the Spirit the truth is loved as well as the brethren. The Divine agenda has been adopted, and purely selfish interests are mortified. Therefore, the unity of the Spirit is conducive to godly productivity and advance.
In the flesh, difference results in competition and division. It drives people apart rather than bringing them together. The truth is not loved, nor are the brethren. Carnal interests drive the objectives of those walking in the flesh. Therefore, the work of God cannot be done in such an environment. This is because “the carnal mind is enmity against God.” Therefore, “they that are in the flesh cannot please God” (Rom 8:7-8).
Our text involves people that are “spiritually minded.” Therefore life and peace will exude from the assembly (Rom 8:6). When they hear the report, there will be “no divisions” among them. There will not be differing and conflicting views of the report. These are people who have “ears to hear,” and such ears are tuned to the same heavenly frequency. These are people who are “perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment” (1 Cor 1:10).
In modern Christian cultures, there must be admonitions to have the “same mind,” and to be harmonious in judgment. That is because corruption has crept into the church. Now, because the corruption is at the fountainhead of the institution, a great amount of time must be spent correcting, directing, rebuking, and instructing. This condition began very early in the history of the church – like a seemingly harmless crack in a dam. We will see it’s entrance as we progress through the book of Acts.
However, in our text, this condition did not yet exist. There will be no need to admonish the brethren to be of one mind. Peter and John will not have to suggest various was in which this problem can be addressed. Time will not have to spent warning the disciples what to avoid. Here, we will behold the spontaneous expression of real spiritual life. When there are no inhibiting obstacles to perception or devotion, this is what the people of God do. Anything less, or where there is a variance with this response, it is always owing to carnality, the flesh, and worldly-mindedness.
WHEN THEY HEARD THAT
“And when they heard that . . . ” Other versions read, “hearing it,” BBE “having heard it,” DARBY “when the apostles heard this,” GWN and “upon hearing the story.” WEYMOUTH
Again, I draw the flawed translations of this text to your attention. As I have already stated, nothing in the text, or the book of Acts itself, justifies the view that this group was limited to the apostles. That is an opinion that is driven by a traditional view of the Kingdom. Secondly, this it not a “story” – a word which should be stricken from our vocabulary when speaking of Scriptural accounts. While the word “story,” in an archaic sense, can apply to historical incidents (hi-story), it is too impersonal for use here. What these people heard was the report of a personal experience – one that bore directly upon the work of the church.
By saying “they heard,” an interest in what was said is implied. That is, they “heard” the report as those who were themselves involved in its implications. They were not simply hearing a report of the experiences of someone else.
Also, the disciples “heard” with discernment. That is, they were able to associate the report with life in Christ Jesus, the preaching of the Gospel, and the need for Divine assistance. They could see the source of the opposition. They could discern its relation to the worldly opposition that was revealed in the death of the Lord Jesus. They knew this opposition had been prompted by the devil, and they realized their personal inability to deal with it. It was apparent to them that this could not be ignored, as though it never happened, or had no direct bearing upon them. Under the direction of the Holy Spirit, they had launched a bold spiritual initiative. Now, Satan had retaliated with an opening move of his own. They knew his efforts would not wane, but would rather intensify. Therefore they immediately called upon the name of the Lord.
THEY LIFTED UP THEIR VOICE WITH ONE ACCORD
“ . . . they lifted up their voice to God with one accord, and said . . . ” Other versions read, “they raised their voice to God with one accord,” NKJV “they raised their voices together,” NIV “they all, with one mind, made prayer to God,” BBE “raised their voices to God unanimously,” CSB “they were united and loudly prayed to God,” GWN “unitedly lifted up their voice to God,” MRD “raised their voices to God with one mind,” NET “lifted up their voice to God with one heart,” NJB “all the believers lifted their voices together in prayer to God,” NLT “they prayed to God with one purpose,” IE “with one united prayer to God,” WILLIAMS “lifted their voices together with one united mind to God,” AMPLIFIED and “with one passion lifted voice to God.” LITV
Lifting Up the Voice
Here is an aspect of human expression that is rapidly waning in our time – the lifting up of the voice. From an etymological point of view, lifting up the voice is straightforward. The expression “lifted up” comes from a single Greek word meaning, “to lift up, raise up . . . raise upward, elevate.” THAYER The word “voice” comes from a Greek word meaning “a sound, tone . . . the sound of the uttered voice.” THAYER When the human voice is lifed up, it is made louder and stronger. More energy is put into speaking. If we say someone lifts up their hands, every knows what we mean. If we ask someone to lift up their eyes, it is apparent we are asking them to raise their heads and focus on some sight above the ground. If we ask someone to lift up their voice, we mean to speak louder.
God commanded the Levites to speak to the people “with a loud voice” (Deut 27:14). When Solomon prayed and blessed the people, he did so “with a loud voice” (1 Kgs 8:55). When the Lord spoke to a troubled and timorous people He said, “Lift up thy voice, O daughter of Gallim: cause it to be heard unto Laish, O poor Anathoth” (Isa 10:30). When He challenged Jerusalem to spread good tidings He said, “O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God!” (Isa 40:9). He told Isaiah, “Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet, and show my people their transgression, and the house of Jacob their sins” (Isa 58:1). When Peter preached on the day of Pentecost he “lifted up his voice” (Acts 2:14). In the book of the Revelation, a “loud voice” is mentioned thirteen times (5:2,12; 6:10; 7:2,10; 8:13; 10:3; 12:10; 14:7,9,15,18; 19:17).
Now the brethren lift up their voice to God in elevated tones. They do not do this to be better heard by God, but to be more focused, and to be of more assistance to each other. Even their external expression is in harmony with their hearts, confirming the urgency of the situation. Also, the lifting up of the voice is a kind of sacrifice in which the best of one’s ability is thrown into the act of praying.
With One Accord
There were not a lot of examples of men doing something “with one accord” prior to Christ. The Israelites, with very few exceptions were noted for strife and dissension rather than single-mindedness. In all of Moses and the prophets, they are never said to have been “in one accord.” The expression “one mind” is never applied to them. Once they were said to have been of “one heart to make David king” (1 Chron 12:38). Once “the hand of God was to give them one heart to do the commandment of the king and of the princes, by the word of the LORD” (2 Chron 30:12).
However, in Christ, as promised by the prophets, such marvelous oneness occurs. Isaiah prophesied, “they shall see eye to eye, when the LORD shall bring again Zion” (Isa 52:8). Jeremiah prophesied, “And I will give them one heart, and one way” (Jer 32:39). Through Zechariah the Lord promised, “For then will I turn to the people a pure language, that they may all call upon the name of the LORD, to serve him with one consent” (Zeph 3:9). These are not things that should take place in Christ – something like goals to be achieved. Rather, these traits would characterize the people of the Lord. They would be the result of being reconciled to God. Where they are not found, “the flesh” is in control, and men are walking in it. Further, walking in the flesh is always willing, for “the flesh” cannot override the Spirit. We know this is the case because it is written, “This I say then, Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfil the lust of the flesh” (Gal 5:16). Unity is “of the Spirit” (Eph 4:3), and divisions are “of the flesh” (dissensions, factions NASB – Gal 5:20).
Now, in our text, the people are one – “with one accord.” They are all of “one mind and one mouth” (Rom 15:6), and are “perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment,” and therefore will “speak the same thing” (1 Cor 1:10). They will require no exhortation to be this way, for their faith has already done the work. We do not know if they all prayed at once, spoke individually, or one or more spoke for all. The point is that the prayer flowed out from a people who had one mind and one purpose. There was no dissenting voice or heart among them. The flesh had not yet risen in their presence, and no place had been made for the devil.
This is spiritual life in all of its pristine pureness. It is how those who have maintained the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace pray to God.
THOU ART GOD
“ 24b . . . Lord, Thou art God, which hast made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and all that in them is . . .”
Reference to Deity
Before beginning this exposition, I want to draw attention to the many references to Deity that are found in this prayer. They provide us a glimpse into the nature of effective prayer, which concentrates on the Lord and His will primarily, and human need secondarily. “ 1 to God . . . 2 Lord . . . 3 Thou . . . 4 God . . . 5 which . . . 6 Who . . . 7Thy servant David . . . the 8 Lord . . . 9His Christ . . . 10Thy Holy Child . . . 11Jesus . . . 12 whom 13Thou hast anointed . . . 14 Thy hand . . . 15 counsel . . . 16 Lord . . . 17Thy servants . . . 18 Thy word . . . 19 Thine hand . . . 20 the Name . . . 21Thy Holy Child 22 Jesus.”
Here was a body of people whose minds were immersed in Scripture. They had a grasp of the purpose of God, as well as His Sovereignty. Consider the marvelous scope of their understanding.
➪ LORD, THOU ART GOD – they recognized His dominion and power.
➪ CREATOR – They traced all things back to Him.
➪ THY SERVANT – They saw David as serving God’s interests and purpose.
➪ THE LORD – He is Sovereign.
➪ HIS CHRIST – The Lord was perceived as primarily serving Divine interests.
➪ THY HOLY CHILD JESUS – Only a holy Christ could save men.
➪ THOU HAST ANOINTED – Christ’s purpose and power was traced back to God.
➪ THY HAND – God is involved in the affairs of men.
➪ THY COUNSEL – The death of Jesus is seen as the outworking of God’s purpose.
➪ DETERMINED TO BE DONE – God’s will is causal – it makes things happen.
➪ LORD, BEHOLD – God focuses on the affairs of men.
➪ THY SERVANTS – The disciples pray as bond slaves to God and His purpose.
➪ THY WORD – This word reflects God’s purpose, and is empowered to accomplish it.
One time, while Jesus was yet with them in the flesh, His disciples asked Him, “Teach us to pray” (Lk 11:1). Somewhere between Luke 11:1 and Acts 4:24, some Divine tutelage had been realized. No deficiency in prayer will be apparent on this occasion. The saints will pray with insight, persuasion, and confidence. They will not ask what they should do, but will pray for boldness to do what they already know to do.
THOU ART GOD
“ . . . Lord, thou art God . . .” Other versions read, “O Lord,” NASB “Sovereign Lord,” NIV/NRSV/RSV/ESV/NAB/NIB/ WEYMOUTH/MONTGOMERY/AMPLIFIED “Master,” CSB “Master of all,” NET “Lord, You are God,” PHILLIPS and “Master, You are the God,” ALT
The sophist sees no need for such a confession. To such, these words appear to be a pointless redundancy. However, this is not the recitation of a formula or a standardized introduction to supplication. This is the confession of faith – the acknowledgment of something that has been seen, or comprehended. Elsewhere we are apprised, “he that cometh to God must believe that HE IS, and that He is a rewarder of them that diligently seek Him” (Heb 11:6).
“Thou art God” is the confession that the people believe that “He is.” There is no point in praying if God is nothing more than an idea, or part of a creed, or something other than a real person.
The word “God” is intentionally singular. Lexically, and as used in this text, the word means “the supreme Divine being, the true, living, and personal God,” FRIBERG It is true that Satan is also referred to as “god” (same Greek word – qeo.j). However, the domain over which he rules is limited. Therefore he is called “the god of this world.” However, the God of our text is appropriated called “the God of gods,” for He is over them and rules them all. “For the LORD your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward” (Deut 10:17). Being “the God of gods,” He knows all things, thereby distinguishing Him from other gods. “The LORD God of gods, the LORD God of gods, He knoweth, and Israel He shall know; if it be in rebellion, or if in transgression against the LORD, (save us not this day)” (Josh 22:22). David also confessed that God was “the God of gods” (Psa 136:2). When Daniel interpreted the dream of Nebuchadnezzar, the king confessed, “Of a truth it is, that your God is a God of gods, and a Lord of kings” (Dan 2:47).
There are competitors to be sure – other “gods,” as well as men who think of themselves more highly than they ought to think. However, they are all under the true God, and must yield to Him at His word. These disciples know this is the case, and therefore they present their supplication to the Lord, knowing full well that their opponents cannot stand against Him.
RELATING THE CREATOR TO THE CIRCUMSTANCE
“ . . . which hast made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and all that in them is . . .” Other versions read, “Thou didst ,make,” NASB “Maker of,” BBE “Creator of,” LIVING “the One having made,” ALT and “You created.” CEV
Here is a fundamental view that must not be distorted. It is consistently affirmed throughout Scripture, so that there can be doubt about this – God’s association with the heaven, the earth, the sea, and everything inhabiting them.
This is the “heaven and the earth” that was created “in the beginning” of time. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth” (Gen 1:1). It is the first thing about God that Scripture affirms. The “heaven” is the area around the earth, filled with celestial bodies beyond number. The “earth” is the area in which everything housed in a body lives – man, beast, fowl, and creeping things. The sea is the vast collections of water in which both animal and vegetable life is maintained, the number of which is also unimaginably vast.
This is the domain some have called the universe. Scripture refers to it as “the worlds” (Heb 1:2; 11:3). It also refers repeatedly to these three domains: heaven, earth, and sea (Ex 20:11; Psa 146:6; Ezek 38:20; Amos 9:6; Acts 14:15; Rev 5:13; 10:6; 14:7). This entire domain, with all three of its components, will eventually pass away according to Divine appointment (Rev 21:1).
It is not possible to have a proper view of God that ignores the fact that He “made heaven, and earth, and sea, and all that in them is.” This includes the fact that He made them “in six days,” as affirmed in Exodus 20:11 and 31:17. Men may haggle over what kind of days these were – 24 hour days, or very lengthy periods of time. However, each of the six days in which the Lord created the heaven, earth, sea, and everything within them are each summarized with the words, “and the evening and the morning were” (Gen 1:5,8,13,19,23,31). This confirms they were periods of identical length, each consisting of two components. There is not a shred of Scripture – not so much as a syllable – that suggests these days were anything other than the days with which we are familiar.
While I do not stand in judgment of anyone’s faith, those who do not acknowledge God as the Creator [as it is presented in Scripture] cannot possibly be serving the true God. They cannot confess God as these disciples did. What I am saying is that God himself is identified as the One created the worlds, thereby distinguishing Him from all other gods, over whom he rules.
The Basic Postulate
One might wonder why the disciples prayed in this manner. There is a basic postulate behind this confession, and it is marvelous to consider. The One who made these realms governs and controls everything within them. There is no personality, thing, or activity within them over which God does not have absolute dominion. This is particularly good news when facing opposition.
WHY DID THE HEATHEN RAGE
“ 25 Who by the mouth of thy servant David hast said, Why did the heathen rage, and the people imagine vain things?”
Spiritual minds gravitate to Scripture. There is where the mind of God is articulated, and the thoughts of God are communicated to men. The Scriptures are the means through which we learn to speak properly concerning the things of God. That is why it is through them that the man of God is made “perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works” (2 Tim 3:17).
Now we will behold how a grasp of Scripture impacts upon forming a prayer to God.
BY THE MOUTH OF DAVID
“Who by the mouth of thy servant David hast said . . . ” Other versions read, “by the Holy Spirit, through the mouth of our father David Thy servant,” NASB “by the Holy Spirit through the mouth of Your servant, our father David,” NIV “by the Holy Spirit through our ancestor David, your servant,” NRSV “who by the mouth of our father David, thy servant, didst say by the Holy Spirit,” RSV “who through the mouth of our father David, your servant, said by the Holy Spirit,” ESV “and You said through the Holy Spirit, who spoke through your servant David (our ancestor).” GWN
Here is a glimpse of what can be involved in God speaking to men. There are few examples of God speaking directly to men: Adam (Gen 3:9-12), Noah (Gen 6:13), Abraham (Gen 17:9), Jacob (Gen 35:1), and Moses (Num 12:7-8), etc. Some of the occasions during which God was said to speak to men were actually accomplished through an angel. Some examples are Moses at the burning bush (Ex 3:1-4:19; Acts 7:30), and the giving of the Law at Sinai (Ex 20:1-19; Acts 7:53; Gal 3:19). Several other instances where it is stated that the Lord spoke to men could actually have been accomplished through angels, as when Jacob said He had seen God “face to face” (Gen 32:30), yet had actually wrestled with an angel (Hos 12:4).
Here, however, we have a reference to the more standard way of God speaking to men – if, indeed, any such way can be called standard. The affirmation of the text is that God delivered a word to men through David – a prophecy of the coming Messiah. Some versions read, “by the Holy Spirit through the mouth of David.” NASB The King James and New King James Versions, together with several others, do not contain the reference to the Holy Spirit. There is no need to balk at this, as we are informed elsewhere that “holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit” NKJV (2 Pet 1:21). This is what “the inspiration of God” means, as stated in Second Timothy 3:16.
We also know that fallen man cannot have direct access to God Himself. Jesus said, “And the Father Himself, which hath sent Me, hath borne witness of Me. Ye have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His shape” (John 5:37). Again He said, “Not that any man hath seen the Father, save He which is of God, He hath seen the Father” (John 6:46). Additionally, John wrote, “No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, He hath declared Him” (John 1:18). All of this shows how Divine communication is, in a manner of speaking, filtered as it comes to man.
Here is a profitable thing to ponder – something that accents the extent to which the human race has fallen. The manner in which God speaks to us confirms that sin has created a separation between man and God. Even though in Christ we are reconciled to God, there must still be someone between us and God to deliver His words. In the past, through the Spirit and holy angels, he spoke to men through the prophets. Now, however, He speaks to us through the Son. As it is written, “God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds” (Heb 1:1-2). Now the Son is in total charge of all communication with men. If sinners are to be convicted , the Son must send the Spirit to do so (John 16:8-11). If the Scriptures are to be opened to us, and the eyes of our understanding be illuminated, the Son must do it (Eph 1:18). The government is upon His shoulder, and hearing and understanding the truth is within the perimeter of His Kingdom.
Now the disciples will speak to God about something He had spoken through the Spirit and by David the prophet. They will discern this particular passage of Scripture, and be able to correlate it with the events that have recently occurred in their presence.
WHY DID THE HEATH RAGE?
“Why did the heathen rage . . . ” Other versions read, “Why do the nations rage?” NKJV “Why did the Gentiles rage?” NASB“Why are the nations so violently moved?” BBE “Why have the nations raged haughtily?” DARBY “Why do the nations act arrogantly?” GWN “Why this uproar among the nations?” NJB “Why were the nations so angry?” NLT “Why do the heathen rage against the Lord?” LIVING “Why were the nations so mad?” IE “Why did the heathen (Gentiles) become wanton and insolent and rage?” AMPLIFIED and “Why are the Gentiles so furious?” CEV
The passage to which they are referring is Psalm 2:1-6: “Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing? The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against His anointed, saying, Let us break their bands asunder, and cast away their cords from us. He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh: the Lord shall have them in derision. Then shall He speak unto them in His wrath, and vex them in His sore displeasure. Yet have I set My king upon My holy hill of Zion.”
“The heathen” is a reference to the Gentile peoples – the nations to whom no revelation was given, and who were not in covenant with God. It speaks of the opposition of the nations to the purposes and objectives of God Almighty. We will see that it particularly relates to the enthronement of the Lord’s Christ.
The word “rage” speaks of arrogant and haughty behavior – like a prancing horse to stomps on the ground wildly. What caused the nations to be agitated and bluster about against the Lord? Why were they so angry, and moved to violence?
There are numerous examples of this rage. In an introductory manner, it was made known in Cain slaying Abel (Gen 4:8), Ishmael mocking Isaac (Gen 21:9-10), and Esau threatening Jacob (Gen 27:41). The nations raged against Israel, the covenanted people: Egypt, Assyria, Syria, Philistia, Media, Samaria, Chaldea. They raged at a people who were blessed by the Lord, and were given a land of their own. They raged at their religion, their prophets, and their law?
Behind all of this, Satan was at work, seeking to stop the promised Seed from coming into the world. Following Christ’s entrance into the world, the devil focused on Him, making every effort to turn Him from His mission or destroy Him. His efforts were all in vain, as Jesus triumphed over him, destroying Him by means of His death (Heb 2:14).
Following our Lord’s resurrection, ascension, and enthronement, Satan would continue to harass the disciples of Christ, trying to stamp them out from the earth (Rev 12:17). In this effort he would also employ the nations of the world – heathen governments. Though seemingly successful in some of his efforts, this too would prove to be futile. All who are in Christ Jesus will be brought safely home to glory.
WHY DID THE PEOPLE IMAGINE VAIN THINGS?
“ . . . and the people imagine vain things?” Other versions read, “And the people plot vain things?” NKJV “And the peoples devise futile things?” NASB “and the peoples plot in vain?” NIV “and why are the thoughts of the people so foolish?” BBE “and the peoples meditated vain things?” DARBY “Why do their people devise useless plots?” GWN “and the peoples entertain folly?” NAB “this impotent muttering of the peoples?” NJB “Why did they waste their time with futile plans?” NLT “and the foolish nations plan their little plots against Almighty God?” LIVING “Why did the people of the world plan things?” IE “and the people make vain designs,” WILLIAMS “and the people imagine and study and plan vain (fruitless) things [that will not succeed]?” AMPLIFIED “and [the] people think about [fig., plot futile][things]? ALT and “and the people conspired vain things?” EMTV
Some have conjectured that “the people” refers to the heathen in another way – as individuals rather than nations. They reject the idea that it refers to the Jews, who were a unique people in the world. However, I am rather inclined to see this as the Jews – particularly since the disciples make that connection in the expressions that follow.
We have numerous examples of the Jews objecting to, and opposing, the words and working of the Lord. They murmured against Moses (Ex 15:24; 16:2; 17:3; Num 14:2; 16:41). They persecuted, and even killed, the holy prophets (Matt 23:31; Acts 7:32; Thess 2:15). They killed Stephen (Acts 7:59), and took delight in the beheading of James (Acts 12:2-3). They hounded Paul in his prodigious travels throughout the world (Acts 9:22-23; Acts 13:45,50; 14:19; 17:13; 18:12; 20:3; 21:27; 23:12; 25:7; 2 Cor 11:24; 2 Thess 2:14). All of this opposition started with “the people” rejecting Jesus, and imagining vain things against Him.
Imagining vain things is the development of cunning plots that were destined to failure. It is the making of plans that cannot be fulfilled. It is not because the plans are foolish of themselves, but because they are against the Lord, whose purpose cannot be overthrown.
Why ???
In asking “Why?” the heathen raged and the people imagined vain things, neither the Psalmist nor the dsciples are not seeking an answer. Rather, through the Spirit, they are declaring the absurdity of their actions. Although they did not know it, they were nothing more than vassals of Satan, and Satan cannot overthrow God. This is confirmed by the fact that he himself was cast out of heaven with his angels. As it is written, “And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him” (Rev 12:9). His opposition against God in the heavenly realms was futile. It is also futile upon the earth.
The futility of all opposition to God reaches an apex in the matter of Christ’s enthronement. After citing the raging of the heathen and the plotting of the people, the second Psalm continues, “He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh: the Lord shall have them in derision. Then shall He speak unto them in His wrath, and vex them in His sore displeasure. Yet have I set My king upon My holy hill of Zion” (Psa 2:6). All opposition, from the slaying of Abel to the crucifixion of Christ, was nothing more than an exercise in vanity. God did what He had purposed, and there was not a chance that any person or group of persons could thwart or delay it. As it is written, “as I have purposed, so shall it stand” (Isa 14;24), and “I have spoken it, I will also bring it to pass; I have purposed it, I will also do it” (Isa 46:11).
Now, the disciples will reason with the Lord. They will build their case upon the truth of the second Psalm. They do so because they know they are in synch with Divine purpose, and thus call upon Him to sustain them in their work. This is a prayer of remarkable insight, revealing how the Spirit works in those whose hearts have been submitted to the Lord. Much can be learned here.
THE KINGS AND RULERS GATHERED TOGETHER
“ 26 The kings of the earth stood up, and the rulers were gathered together against the Lord, and against his Christ.”
This is heaven’s view of the conspiracy against Jesus. It is depicted as a bold and deliberate initiative against God Himself and His Christ, or Anointed One – the One chosen to take away the sins of the world, soundly defeat the wicked one, and administrate the Kingdom of God with a mind to bringing many sons to glory.
THE KINGS OF THE EARTH STOOD UP
“The kings of the earth stood up . . .” Other versions read, “The kings of the earth took their stand,” NKJV “The kings of the earth set themselves in array,” NRSV “The kings of the earth were lifted up,” BBE “The kings of the earth were there,” DARBY “The Kings of the earth assembled,” GENEVA“The kings of the earth stood together,” NET “Kings on earth take up position,” NJB “The kings of the earth prepared for battle,” NLT “the kings of the earth came near,” WEYMOUTH and “The kings of the earth took their stand in array [for attack].” AMPLIFIED
From the human point of view – which is never the right one – it may appear as though “the kings of the earth” were, from one extreme, only pleasing the people. While, from the other extreme, they may be thought to be nothing more than pawns manipulated by the King of kings. However, such views are too simplistic. Man does have a will, and he is responsible for the way he uses it.
“Kings” are rulers over large areas of the earth – some were global in their power, ruling the entire world. This is what the kings of the earth eventually do – stand up against God. They initiate opposition to righteousness in order to promote their own cause. If Joseph be sited as an example of king who did not do this, it must be remembered that he was king in the earth, but not of the earth. He was not spawned by the world’s system, but assumed his office according to Divine appointment.
To be more specific, “the kings of the earth” stand for the governments of the world – the heads over the kingdoms which will all be crushed by the real Lord Jesus Christ, who is “the King of kings” (1 Tim 6:15). Eventually, “their kingdoms will “become the kingdoms of our Lord and His Christ” (Rev 11:15). Until then, they are in competition with the Lord and the Truth that he has brought to the world (John 1:17). At some point, “kings,” who stand for the governments of the world, stand up against Christ. History can boast of no significant or global government that has altered its manner to agree with the truth of God. Even where amiable governments exist who tend to favor Christianity, there comes a time when they in some way stand up against Christ. Our own country, the United States of America, is a case in point.
THE RULERS GATHERED TOGETHER
“ . . . and the rulers were gathered together . . . ” Other versions read, “the rulers gather together,” NIV “the rulers have gathered together,” NRSV “the rulers came together,” BBE “the rulers assembled together,” CSB “and the princes assembled together,” DOUAY “Rulers make plans together,” GWN “the potentates stood up,” MRD “princes plot together,” NJB and “and the rulers were assembled and combined together.” AMPLIFIED
As this pray will affirm, the “rulers of the people” are not just another way of saying “kings of the earth.” This rather refers to religious leaders, as seen in the leaders of Israel. More specifically, it is corrupt religious leaders than find the apex of their expression in spiritual Babylon, depicted so vividly in the book of Revelation (Rev 17:1-18:24). There she is depicted as a whorish woman sitting upon a beast – a graphic picture of an religion being carried along by the principles that support worldly governments.
The “rulers” of reference lead in the name of God, but they lead people into the ditch, error, and outright opposition to God. This will be clarified when we come to the application the disciples make of “the kings of the earth and the rulers.”
AGAINST THE LORD, AND AGAINST HIS CHRIST
“ . . . against the Lord, and against his Christ.” Other versions read, “against the Lord and against His Anointed One,” NIV “against the Lord and against His Messiah,” NRSV “against the Lord and against His anointed,” ESV “against the Lord, and too, against His Christ,” WILLIAMS and “against the Lord and against His Anointed (Christ, the Messiah).” AMPLIFIED
“The Lord” is God the Father – “the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ” (Eph 1:3). “His Christ” is the Man God has anointed to deal with the human situation. It is the Lord Jesus Himself, who was sent to remove sin, the inhibiting factor, thereby providing a basis upon which men could be rescued and brought into Divine favor. The “Christ” was also the Divine means of putting a crystal-clear representation of God Himself among the people. It is said of Jesus, “in Him dwelleth the fulness of the Godhead bodily” (Col 2:9). And again it is said of Him, “Who being the brightness of His glory, and the express image of His person” (Heb 1:3). Jesus Himself said, “he that hath seen Me hath seen the Father” (John 14:9).
When it is said the kings and rulers “gathered together against the Lord and His Christ,” it does not mean they stood up against two perceived personalities. Precisely how do “kings and rulers” gather together against an invisible God? This rather means that when the people opposed “His Christ,” they opposed the God who sent Him as well, for “God was in Christ” (2 Cor 5:19). Jesus also made this fact clear when He said, “He that hateth Me hateth My Father also” (John 15:23). And again, “he that despiseth Me despiseth Him that sent Me” (Luke 10:16). This is further accented by the fact that whoever receives Jesus receives the Father also. As it is written, “he that receiveth Me receiveth Him that sent Me” (Matt 10:40). Therefore, whether we are speaking of receiving Christ or rejecting Him, the action is considered to apply to both the Father and the Son – “the Lord and His Christ.” Thus it is clear that two peoples cannot worship the same God while one of them rejects Christ.
It must be clear in our minds that God takes the rejection or neglect of His Son personal. It is impossible for God to extend His mercy to those who are rejecting, and even opposing, His Son. That is why it is utterly impossible for those who stand up against Jesus to succeed, seeing they oppose both God and Christ – an opposition that cannopt possibly succeed.
Now, we will see how the disciples employ this understanding in prayer – how they take the truth and work with a situation through prayer.
GATHERED TOGETHER AGAINST THE HOLY CHILD JESUS
“ 27 For of a truth against thy holy child Jesus, whom thou hast anointed, both Herod, and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the people of Israel, were gathered together . . . ”
Here we are exposed to the exactness, or precision, of “wisdom and spiritual understanding” (Col 1:9).
FOR
“For . . .” The word “for” is “a particle of affirmation and conclusion” THAYER That is, it is a way of drawing a conclusion, or applying the truth that was just stated. In other words, in the hearts of the disciples, what follows is an example of the Second Psalm. Two parallels in particular are to be seen.
➪ Opposition to God and His Christ.
➪ The utter vanity of such opposition.
AGAINST GOD’S HOLY CHILD
“ . . . of a truth against thy holy child Jesus . . .” Other versions read, “holy Child, Jesus” DOUAY/PNT/RWB/TNT/WEB/YLT/BISHOPS/LITV/MJKV “Your holy Servant Jesus,” NKJ “Thine holy Son Jesus,” GENEVA/MRD “Your Son . . . Your holy Servant,” LIVING and “Your holy Child and Servant.” AMPLIFIED
Again, as in Acts 3:13 and 26, several versions use the word “servant” instead of “child” (“Son” in Acts 3:13 and 26). I offer the following as a brief exposition of this matter because, when referring to Jesus, any alternative to the word “Son” must be buttressed with sound reasoning and linguistic expertise.
“Son” Versus “Servant”
Nearly all later translations say “Servant” instead of “Son” NKJV/NASB/NIV/ NRSV/ RSV/ASV/BBE/CSB/DARBY/ERV/ESV/GWN/NAB/NAS/ NAU/NET/NIB/NJB/NLT/LIVING/IE/ WEYMOUTH/ISV/WILLIAMS, and MONTGOMERY. Two of the literal translations (Young’s Literal and Literal Translation of the Bible) translate the word “child.” The Amplified Bible translates it “Servant and Son.”
The Greek word translated “Son” and “servant” is common in all Greek manuscripts. It is pai/da, (pie-dah), and is in the masculine gender. Its lexical meaning is “a child,” with the second usage “servant, slave,” THAYER “in reference to age, child; in reference to descent son, in reference to social position servant, slave,” FRIBERG “servant, slave, child,” UBS “a young person,” LOUW-NIDA “in relation to Descent, a son, in Relation to age, a child, in relation to Condition, a slave, servant,” LIDDELL-SCOTT “child (in relation to parents,” LEH and “boy, son, but even more probable is servant, slave.” GINGRICH
It is clear from the lexical definitions that the meaning of the word is not cut and dried. It is used in a number of differing ways to denote age, descent, and social status. If this word was used to describe anyone other than Jesus, I would carry the matter no further. However, since this is descriptive of Jesus, it seems to me that we must extend ourselves to be sure we hold a God-honoring view of the term.
The complicating factor is the words modified by this expression: “His Son (Servant) JESUS.”
First, this precise Greek word is used five times in Scripture. Luke 9:42 (“child,” KJV “boy” NASB), Acts 3:13 (“Son,” KJV “Servant,” ASV “Child” YLT), Acts 3:26 (“on,” KJV “Servant,” ASV “Child.” YLT), Acts 4:27 (“Child,” KJV “Servant,” ASV “Child.” DOUAY), and Acts 20:12 (“young man” named Eutychus, “lad,” ASV “youth,” DOUAY “boy.” NASB
There can be no question about Jesus being God’s Servant. That is how Isaiah spoke of the coming Messiah (Isa 42:1; 49:5-7; 50:10; 52:13; 53:11). Zechariah also prophesied of the Messiah as God’s “Servant the Branch” (Zech 3:8). Matthew specifically confirms Jesus is the “Servant” of Isaiah’s prophecy (Matt 12:16). None of these prophecies had to do with the exaltation or glorification of Jesus. They rather had to do with Him carrying out God’s commission in the earth – accomplishing salvation.
I affirm that, from a technical point of view, Jesus was exalted in the capacity of the Son of God and “Jesus.” In this capacity He is the Foundation upon which the church is Built (Matt 16:16-18; 1 Cor 3:11). Our faith involves a persuasion that Jesus is “the Son of God” (John 20:21; Acts 8:37; 1 John